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International Conference on Photonics in Switching

High-Gain Optical Transistors Resistant to Pump Instability

Alexander Maier

Published Jan 1, 1989• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Self-switching of radiation in nonlinear systems with two unidirectional distributionally coupled waves is considered for general case when both waves are fed into the system and their nonidentity is taken into account. The possibility is discussed of optical transistors with a high gain that are resistant to pump intensity instability.
DOI
10.1364/phs.1989.osd85

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An analysis is made of nonlinear transmission (self-switching, self-modulation) of light in tunnel-coupled cubically nonlinear waveguides and other optical systems carrying unidirectional waves with a distributed coupling which become separated at the exit from a system if at least one of the waves travels in a medium with a cubic (Kerr) susceptibility. Optical transistors and bistable devices based on these systems are considered. The threshold energy of bistable devices based on coupled GaAs waveguides is ~10−10–10−9 J.
It is shown that abrupt transfer of radiation power is possible from one frequency to another at the output of a medium with a quadratic nonlinearity when its input is subjected to a small signal at the doubled frequency and the intensity of the signal is altered slightly under phase-matched interaction conditions and also in the case of deviation from such conditions. It is shown that an optical transistor can be constructed on the basis of this effect and that a giant gain can be achieved for a weak alternating signal.
A general solution of the problem of the interaction between unidirectional distributively coupled waves with orthogonal polarisations is found an analysed. Interesting features of optical self-switching of these waves are identified and key formulas describing such switching are derived. It is shown that signal amplification as a result of self-switching may be extremely high and this can happen even when the coupling coefficient is zero. This case of zero coefficient is paradoxically of the greatest practical interest. The results obtained should be useful in working with birefringent waveguides and crystals.
Nonlinear optical systems can transform a continuous wave input beam, if it is intense enough, into an oscillating light output. The system which has been most thoroughly studied is an optical resonator, usually of the ring type, containing either a Kerr medium1,2 or a two-level medium. Unfortunately, the mathematical approaches of these studies do not lend themselves to a tractable intuitive explanation of the self-pulsation phenomena, and do not identify the physical origin of instabilities. In this paper we consider a different approach, showing that optical instabilities stem from one source, namely, gain generated by four-wave mixing processes. This gain, together with feedback supplied by the resonator, leads to oscillation of sidebands of the input field. The beating between these sidebands and the input field causes the oscillating output intensity. The salient feature of our approach lies in its intuitive appeal, namely, it is possible to predict the behavior of the system for a wide range of parameters. Moreover, our model enables understanding of the system's evolvement beyond the first bifurcation, something usually not possible with the other approaches.