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Photorefractive Effects, Materials, and Devices

New Perspectives on Multiple Wave Mixing in Kerr-Like and Photorefractive Semiconductors—Theory and Experiments

I. C. Khoo, T. H. Liu, R. R. Michael

Published Jan 1, 1987• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present new fundamental theoretical aspects and experimental verifications of optical multiwave mixings (diffractions and beam amplifications) in a Kerr-like medium that may also possess photorefractivity, and the interplay between various input and generated beams, the optical nonlinearity and geometrical-physical-optical parameters, nonlocality and frequency offsets, etc., in semiconductors (Si, GaAs).

DOI
10.1364/prm.1987.pd2

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We present new fundamental theoretical aspects and experimental verifications of optical multiwave mixings (diffractions and beam amplifications) in a Kerr-like medium that may also possess photorefractivity, and the interplay between various input and generated beams, the optical nonlinearity and geometrical-physical-optical parameters, nonlocality and frequency offsets, etc., in semiconductors (Si, GaAs).
Further theoretical observations and a new analysis of stationary degenerate and nearly degenerate optical wave mixing effects in a Kerr-like nonlinear medium are presented. The effects of phase modulations, beam ratio, intensity, wave mixing angle and frequency differences and other physical and optical parameters in multiwave mixing mediated probe gain and their application in ring oscillation devices are analyzed in detail. New experimental studies of the intensity and the angular dependence of the probe beam amplification and side diffractions in liquid crystal provide further insights into the phenomena.
We present a detailed general theory of multiwave mixing effects in a nonlinear medium produced by two incident coherent laser beams. Calculations are performed for localized as well as diffusive types of nonlinearities. The theory accounts for all the relevant parameters such as laser pulse widths, medium response times, nonlinearities, interaction length, intensities, beam ratio, phase modulation effects, losses, and side diffractions. The interrelationship between two- and multiwave mixing effects and the evolution of transient to stationary behavior is explicitly worked out. In particular, the gain experienced by a weak incident probe beam via these mixing effects is quantitatively analyzed as a function of the aforementioned parameters.
A recent theory of polarization switching and beam amplification effect in Kerr-like media is extended to birefringent photorefractive crystals. In this class of material, the birefringence allows a new mechanism for coherent nonlinear mixing effects among the extraordinary and ordinary waves, leading to amplification and polarization switching effects. Analytic solutions of the parametric equations governing these interacting waves are solved for both the phase-matched and phase-mismatched geometries. The authors also present an experimental confirmation of the predicted polarization switching effect.>