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Physical Review A

Single-photon switching in a Floquet waveguide-QED system with time-modulated coupling constants

Haozhen Li, Zerong Li, Ran Zeng, Miao Hu, Mengmeng Xu, Xuefang Zhou, Xiuwen Xia, Jingping Xu, Yaping Yang

Published Feb 22, 2023• 16 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The dynamical control of single-photon scattering in a one-dimensional waveguide coupled to a Floquet atom-cavity system with time-modulated coupling constants is investigated. The analytical expressions for determining the scattering properties are obtained by using an effective Floquet Hamiltonian in real space. The photon transport is extremely sensitive to the time-modulated atom-cavity coupling strengths. Two cases, i.e., the effective Floquet Hamiltonian either includes or excludes a static coupling term, are discussed in detail. The results show that, with such Floquet atom-cavity configuration, an active photonic switch with nearly ideal switching contrast could be implemented. The transmission of the waveguide photons with different frequencies can dynamically be switched on or off via adjusting the modulated amplitude or relative modulated phase no matter whether the static coupling between the atom and the two cavity modes is considered or not. The application of the dynamic modulated atom-cavity coupling strengths instead of a purely static one makes our photonic switch more tunable. These results are expected to be applicable in quantum information processing and in active quantum device design involving dynamical modulation.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.107.023720

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The dynamical control of single-photon scattering in a one-dimensional waveguide coupled to a Floquet atom-cavity system with time-modulated coupling constants is investigated. The analytical expressions for determining the scattering properties are obtained by using an effective Floquet Hamiltonian in real space. The photon transport is extremely sensitive to the time-modulated atom-cavity coupling strengths. Two cases, i.e., the effective Floquet Hamiltonian either includes or excludes a static coupling term, are discussed in detail. The results show that, with such Floquet atom-cavity configuration, an active photonic switch with nearly ideal switching contrast could be implemented. The transmission of the waveguide photons with different frequencies can dynamically be switched on or off via adjusting the modulated amplitude or relative modulated phase no matter whether the static coupling between the atom and the two cavity modes is considered or not. The application of the dynamic modulated atom-cavity coupling strengths instead of a purely static one makes our photonic switch more tunable. These results are expected to be applicable in quantum information processing and in active quantum device design involving dynamical modulation.
Abstract Controllable single-photon scattering in a one-dimensional waveguide coupled to a Jaynes–Cummings structure containing a time-modulated two-level atom interacting with a single-mode cavity is investigated. The photon transmission and reflection amplitudes are calculated by using an effective Floquet Hamiltonian in real space. The results show that the coupling between the atom and the cavity mode can dynamically be tuned via periodically modulating the atomic transition frequency. As a consequence, the scattering behaviors of the waveguide photons can be actively manipulated, and a controllable single-photon switch with high on-off ratio could be realized. More interestingly, the switch works well within a wide frequency region, i.e., the transmission of both resonant and off-resonant waveguide photons can be effectively switched on or off with appropriate system parameters. Furthermore, the proposed dynamically tunable switching scheme is robust against atomic dissipation associated with the help of atom-cavity coupling mismatch. Such single-photon device can be used as an elementary unit for various quantum information processing.
The dynamic control of single-photon scattering in a pair of one-dimensional waveguides mediated by a time-modulated atom–cavity system is investigated. Two cases, where the waveguides are coupled symmetrically or asymmetrically to the atom–cavity system, are discussed in detail. The results show that such time-modulated atom–cavity configuration can behave as a dynamical tunable directional single-photon router. The photons with different frequencies can dynamically be routed from the incident waveguide into any ports of the other with a 100% probability via adjusting the modulated amplitude or phases of the time-modulated atom–cavity coupling strengths, associate with the help of the asymmetrical waveguide–cavity couplings. Furthermore, the influence of dissipation on the routing capability is investigated. It is shown that the present single-photon router is robust against the dissipative process of the system, especially the atomic dissipation. These results are expected to be applicable in quantum information processing and design quantum devices with dynamical modulation.
Single-photon routing between two one-dimensional waveguides mediated by a single-mode cavity embedded with a time-modulated two-level atom is investigated. Two configurations, where the single photon is incident from an infinite or semi-infinite waveguide, are considered. Using the analytical expressions of the single-photon scattering amplitudes, the transmission behaviors in the two waveguides are discussed. The results show that the time modulation of the atomic frequency enables a dynamically tunable quantum router. A single photon with different frequencies can be routed dynamically from the incident waveguide to the other by properly manipulating the amplitude-to-frequency ratio of the atom. The routing efficiency can be improved to approach 100% by terminating the incident waveguide. In the semi-waveguide configuration, the routing behaviors controlled by the quantum coherent feedback are also investigated. The influence of the phase shifts introduced by the terminated waveguide on the routing capability and the conditions for perfect single-photon routing are discussed in detail. A frequency tunable targeted single-photon router can even be realized with the help of chiral coupling. These results may be beneficial to the photon control in a quantum network based on time-modulated quantum nodes.
Using a dynamical quantum Zeno effect, we propose a general approach to control the coupling between a two-level system (TLS) and its surroundings, by modulating the energy-level spacing of the TLS with a high-frequency signal. We show that the TLS-surroundings interaction can be turned off when the ratio between the amplitude and the frequency of the modulating field is adjusted to be a zero of a Bessel function. The quantum Zeno effect of the TLS can also be observed by the vanishing of the photon reflection at these zeros. Based on these results, we propose a quantum switch to control the transport of a single photon in a one-dimensional waveguide. Our analytical results agree well with numerical results using Floquet theory.
Nonreciprocal single-photon scattering in a one-dimensional waveguide coupled to a giant two-level atom assisted with a time-modulated single-mode cavity is investigated. The analytic expressions of the single-photon scattering amplitudes are derived by using an effective Floquet Hamiltonian in real space. The scattering characteristics are discussed detail in both the Markovian and the non-Markovian regimes, and the corresponding conditions for achieving perfect nonreciprocal single-photon transmission are obtained. In the Markovian regime, a frequency-tunable single-photon diode with an ideal transmission contrast ratio can be realized by adjusting the frequency of the cavity mode, the local coupling phase difference, and the accumulated phase between the two coupling points. Furthermore, the influence of the intrinsic energy dissipations on the photon transport is discussed in detail. It is found that the dissipations of the cavity and the giant atom affect discriminatively the nonreciprocal single-photon scattering process. In the non-Markovian regime, the influence of the non-Markovian retarded effect induced by the time delay on the nonreciprocal single-photon scattering is discussed in detail. The results reveal that, although the retarded effect leads to a complex nonreciprocal scattering spectrum, dynamic tunable perfect nonreciprocal transmission with more abundant physical phenomena suitable for photons with different frequencies within a larger range can also be achieved. Such a nonreciprocal single-photon device can be used as an elementary unit for various quantum information processing and may have potential applications in quantum network engineering.
The single-photon routing properties in the system composed of two waveguides and two coupled cavities interacting with a two-level system are investigated theoretically. The phases of the coupling strengths are considered. The analytical expressions for the single-photon routing probabilities are obtained. The study shows that single-photon routing in a single waveguide or between two waveguides can be switched on or off by modulating the phase difference between the coupling constants. The analytical results also exhibit that the coupling between the two nanocavities plays an important role in the phase-dependent single-photon routing. We also show numerically the influence of the dissipation of cavities and atoms on routing properties. Our results may be useful in controlling and manipulating light-matter interactions based on waveguides at the single-photon level.