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Annual Meeting Optical Society of America

Pulsed squeezed light

Richard E. Slusher, Bernard Yurke, Philippe Grangier, Arthur La Porta, Mary J. Potasek

Published Jan 1, 1987• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The degree of squeezing generated by parametric downconversion or four-wave mixing can be limited by the ratio of the nonlinear coupling to the linear losses in many practical systems. This ratio can be enhanced by increasing the pump power used for the nonlinear coupling in many solid nonlinear systems where the linear losses are not directly related to the nonlinear squeezing process. Pulsed pump sources are attractive for optimizing the nonlinear coupling-to-loss ratio. We have shown1 that homodyne detection can be used to detect the pulsed squeezing generated by a mode-locked pulse train from the pump laser. A portion of the pump beam is used as the local oscillator which stroboscopically samples portions of the squeezed light pulse train. The amount of squeezing which can be measured as a function of the relative durations of the pump and local oscillator pulses is shown. Progress of recent experiments using both four-wave mixing and parametric downconversion is described.

DOI
10.1364/oam.1987.mq8

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The degree of squeezing generated by parametric downconversion or four-wave mixing can be limited by the ratio of the nonlinear coupling to the linear losses in many practical systems. This ratio can be enhanced by increasing the pump power used for the nonlinear coupling in many solid nonlinear systems where the linear losses are not directly related to the nonlinear squeezing process. Pulsed pump sources are attractive for optimizing the nonlinear coupling-to-loss ratio. We have shown1 that homodyne detection can be used to detect the pulsed squeezing generated by a mode-locked pulse train from the pump laser. A portion of the pump beam is used as the local oscillator which stroboscopically samples portions of the squeezed light pulse train. The amount of squeezing which can be measured as a function of the relative durations of the pump and local oscillator pulses is shown. Progress of recent experiments using both four-wave mixing and parametric downconversion is described.
A scheme is proposed, in which the pulse train of squeezed light is generated via forward four-wave mixing through a nonlinear medium with third-order polarizability, coherently pumped by a train of pulses of modelocked laser. One of the quadrature noise compoments of the squeezed light is measured with a balanced homodyne detector using a pulse train as the local oscillation. The theoretical results show that the fairly high-intensity output of squeezed light can be achieved, and the noise-power spectrum of the light is almost completely squeezed and exhibits the form of a train of pulses, but the shape of squeezed spectrum is reversed with respect to that of the pulse train of the input light.
We report pulsed squeezed-light generation by means of an optical parametric downconverter that is pumped by the second harmonic of a mode-locked Q-switched laser. Using the fundamental beam of the laser as a local oscillator, we observe 2-dB squeezing for a parametric gain of 2.0. This local oscillator, however, is nonoptimal because of its spatiotemporal mode mismatch with the squeezed mode generated by the downconverter. We describe an experiment in which a matched local oscillator is generated with the use of an optical parametric amplifier that is pumped by the same laser as is the downconverter. In this case, 2-dB squeezing is observed for a parametric gain of 1.5. The present experimental setup is limited by the uncontrollable phase fluctuations that prohibit us from making squeezing measurements at higher parametric gains.
A transient noise measurement scheme is described to observe pulsed squeezing generated by means of parametric downconversion of a Q-switched laser. In the usual implementation of balanced-homodyne detection, the vacuumstate noise level is determined by the average local oscillator power. However, if the local oscillator is derived from a pulsed laser, as is the case in our experiments, the associated peak power can easily saturate the detectors along with the subsequent electronics. To overcome this limitation we have implemented a hybrid frequency-time-domain measurement scheme in which the vacuum-state noise level is determined by the peak, instead of the average, local oscillator power, thus avoiding the saturation problem.
Summary form only given.We describe the generation and detection of broadband squeezed states at 1047 nm in a lithium triborate (LiB/sub 3/O/sub 5/) degenerate optical parametric amplifier (DOPA). The light source used is a laser-diode-pumped additive pulse mode-locked Nd:LiYF/sub 4/ laser, which produces pulses 3 ps in duration at repetition rate of 140 MHz, and the average output power is 1 W. The fundamental light is frequency doubled in an external ring enhancement cavity, and the resulting high peak power of the doubled light means that it is possible to produce significant squeezing even in a single-pass or traveling-wave parametric amplifier.
Nowadays, the realization of quantum computations and communications based on continuous variables has attracted a significant attention due to a substantial expansion of the system dimensionality. The main progress in this area is attributed to the implementation of multimode systems based on squeezed states of light. One of the simplest ways to generate such states relies upon their producing in a single-pass optical parametric amplifier (OPA) using ultrafast pumping. However, for homodyne detection of such multimode states, the profile of the local oscillator (LO) must perfectly match the profile of the measured mode. Usually, this is not the case; therefore a proper treatment of multimode squeezing is required. In this work, we study both theoretically and experimentally the multimode squeezed light generated in type-0 and type-II OPA. We characterize such sources and investigate the degree of squeezing in dependence on the LO spectral profile, employing a pulse shaping technique. The theoretical analysis is performed using the Schmidt-mode theory. This work might have a significant impact on the realization of multimode quantum protocols