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Nonlinear Optics

Quantum Picture of Nonlinear Optical Patterns

A. Gatti, L. A. Lugiato, Irene Marzoli, Gian‐Luca Oppo, Stephen Mark Barnett, H. Wiedemann

Published Jan 1, 1996• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The recent investigations on quantum effects in nonlinear optical patterns and spatial aspect of squeezing have focused on the concept of quantum image [1,2,3]. These are very noisy images images, dominated by quantum fluctuations and can be revealed either 1) by high frequency observation, which is able to reveal the fast dynamics of fluctuations, or 2) by low frequency observation, by measuring the spatial correlation function. This displays a regular modulation, which anticipates the stripe pattern that appear above threshold [4], while the intensity distribution is uniform on average.

DOI
10.1364/nlo.1996.nmc.3

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The recent investigations on quantum effects in nonlinear optical patterns and spatial aspect of squeezing have focused on the concept of quantum image [1,2,3]. These are very noisy images images, dominated by quantum fluctuations and can be revealed either 1) by high frequency observation, which is able to reveal the fast dynamics of fluctuations, or 2) by low frequency observation, by measuring the spatial correlation function. This displays a regular modulation, which anticipates the stripe pattern that appear above threshold [4], while the intensity distribution is uniform on average.
We illustrate the concept of quantum image in the context of degenerate parametric oscillators. In the case of a cavity with planar mirrors, we show the gradual transformation of a quantum image into a classical image as the threshold region is scanned. Thus the quantum image behaves as a precursor of the roll pattern which appears above threshold. In the far field, the configuration of the spatial correlation function of the intensity and of the quadrature components shows unambiguously the quantum nature of fluctuations that generate the quantum image, leading to effects of quantum noise reduction below the shot noise level, and to the formulation of an Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen paradox.
Quantum images, that is inhomogeneous field distributions purely generated by quantum fluctuations, persist when passing from the degenerate to the non-degenerate case of optical parametric oscillators (OPO). Below the threshold for parametric oscillation where the near-field distributions are homogeneous both in intensity and phase, appropriate spatial correlation functions anticipate the transverse spatial pattern that appears above threshold. In particular, the angular dependence of the far field spatial correlation function is able to reveal the travelling-wave nature of the phase pattern above threshold typical of nondegenerate OPOs. Cross-correlation functions between signal and idler intensities show clear evidence of the non-classical nature of the output light.