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Оптика и спектроскопия

Comparison of the effects of unipolar half-cycle and resonant multi-cycle electromagnetic pulses on quantum systems

Rostislav M. Arkhipov, Mikhail V. Arkhipov, Nikolay N. Rosanov

Published Jan 1, 2022• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

It is shown that not only multicycle resonant pulses with zero electric area, but also nonresonant unipolar pulses can be used to efficiently excite quantum transitions in a medium. Arguments are presented in favor of the advantages of unipolar pulses for excitation of quantum systems in comparison with resonant radiation. A simple relationship has been found showing that in order to compare the effects of unipolar half-cycle and resonant multicycle pulses on atomic systems. It shows that it is necessary to compare the electric area of ??a unipolar pulse and the area of ??the envelope of a bipolar pulse, rather than their energies. Keywords: unipolar pulses, electric pulse area, pulse area, extremely short pulses, attosecond pulses.

DOI
10.21883/eos.2022.07.54728.3318-22

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Abstract It is shown that not only multicycle resonant pulses with zero electric area, but also nonresonant unipolar pulses can be used to efficiently excite quantum transitions in a medium. Arguments are presented in favor of the advantages of unipolar pulses for excitation of quantum systems in comparison with resonant radiation. A simple relationship has been found showing that in order to compare the effects of unipolar half-cycle and resonant multicycle pulses on atomic systems. It shows that it is necessary to compare the electric area of a unipolar pulse and the area of the envelope of a bipolar pulse, rather than their energies.
It is shown that not only multicycle resonant pulses with zero electric area, but also nonresonant unipolar pulses can be used to efficiently excite quantum transitions in a medium. Arguments are presented in favor of the advantages of unipolar pulses for excitation of quantum systems in comparison with resonant radiation. A simple relationship has been found showing that in order to compare the effects of unipolar half-cycle and resonant multicycle pulses on atomic systems. It shows that it is necessary to compare the electric area of ​​a unipolar pulse and the area of ​​the envelope of a bipolar pulse, rather than their energies.
Obtaining unipolar half-cycle optical pulses of femto- and attosecond duration with a large electrical area is an urgent but difficult task. The reason for the emerging difficulties lies in the existence of the rule of conservation of the electrical area of the pulse, which does not allow converting a bipolar pulse into a unipolar one. In this work, it is shown that in a resonant medium a few-cycle pulse can be converted into two unipolar pulses separated in time by a distance that is an order of magnitude or more longer than the duration of the initial pulse. This allows in a number of problems to consider such pulses separately as unipolar. The estimation of the electric area value relative to its "atomic scale" is carried out. Keywords: attosecond pulses, unipolar pulses, subcycle pulses, electrical area of pulses.
In this letter, excitation of discrete levels in a quantum system is considered, when the duration of the driving pulse is changed from multicycle to ultrashort half-cycle regime. It is shown that, as the number of optical cycles decreases, the system passes from the periodic-driven regime to the “kick-driven” action. In both cases the effect depends on the pulse area. However for subcycle pulses the area is equal to the time integral of the field strength, whereas for multicycle pulses it is determined by the time integral of the pulse envelope. The interference of the envelope pulse area and the electric pulse area and its possible manifestations in experiments are discussed.
Based on an approximate solution of the Schrödinger equation, the effect that a pair of extremely short small-amplitude subcycle pulses has on a quantum system is studied. It is shown that, if the pulses are shorter than the inverse frequencies of atomic transitions, the probability of transitions between levels is determined by the electric area of the pulses and the time delay between them. As a consequence, a unipolar pulse can more efficiently affect the system than a bipolar one, while a sequence of pulses realizes a selective action on quantum objects, despite a nonresonant character of the interaction.
Abstract Obtaining unipolar half-cycle optical pulses of femto- and attosecond duration with a large electrical area is an urgent but difficult task. The reason for the emerging difficulties lies in the existence of the rule of conservation of the electrical area of the pulse, which does not allow converting a bipolar pulse into a unipolar one. In this work, it is shown that in a resonant medium a few-cycle pulse can be converted into two unipolar pulses separated in time by a distance that is an order of magnitude or more longer than the duration of the initial pulse. This allows in a number of problems to consider such pulses separately as unipolar. The estimation of the electric area value relative to its “atomic scale” is carried out.