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Annual Meeting Optical Society of America

Quantum nondemolition measurement of atomic momentum

M. Wilkens, Tycho Sleator

Published Jan 1, 1992• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In two recent papers,1,2 it was shown how the interaction of a two-level atom with a standing laser field allows for a QND measurement of the atomic position using a quadrature component of the laser field as a meter. Here we demonstrate a complementary scheme in which a quadrature component of a propagating laser wave acts as the meter for a QND measurement of the atomic momentum. The measurement is based on a detectable phase shift of the cavity mode that results from the atom-field interaction. The principal characteristics of the measurement scheme are presented. We demonstrate how a selective version of the measurement scheme may be used to tailor an atomic wave function and to turn the measurement scheme into a "virtual beam handler."

DOI
10.1364/oam.1992.tuaaa5

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In two recent papers,1,2 it was shown how the interaction of a two-level atom with a standing laser field allows for a QND measurement of the atomic position using a quadrature component of the laser field as a meter. Here we demonstrate a complementary scheme in which a quadrature component of a propagating laser wave acts as the meter for a QND measurement of the atomic momentum. The measurement is based on a detectable phase shift of the cavity mode that results from the atom-field interaction. The principal characteristics of the measurement scheme are presented. We demonstrate how a selective version of the measurement scheme may be used to tailor an atomic wave function and to turn the measurement scheme into a "virtual beam handler."
Quantum nondemolition (QND) measurement enhances the detection efficiency and measurement fidelity, and is highly desired for its applications in precision measurements and quantum information processing. We propose and demonstrate a QND measurement scheme for the spin states of laser-trapped atoms. On 171Yb{}^{171}\mathrm{Yb}171Yb atoms held in an optical dipole trap, a transition that is simultaneously cycling, spin-selective, and spin-preserving is created by introducing a circularly polarized beam of a control laser to optically dress the spin states in the excited level, while leaving the spin states in the ground level unperturbed. We measure the phase of spin precession of $5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{4}$ atoms in a bias magnetic field of 20 mG. This QND approach reduces the optical absorption detection noise by $\ensuremath{\sim}19\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\mathrm{dB}$, to an inferred level of 2.3 dB below the atomic quantum projection noise. In addition to providing a general approach for efficient spin-state readout, this all-optical technique allows quick switching and real-time programming for quantum sensing and quantum information processing.
We propose an optical scheme for the simultaneous measurement of the position and momentum of a single atom. The scheme involves the coupling of the atom of two light fields with different spatial and polarization characteristics. The proposed technique is closely related to the Arthurs-Kelly measurement scheme; the principal difference is that in the present case the values of the position and momentum are inferred from phase shifts in electromagnetic fields rather than from shifts in the position of a pointer.
We propose a quantum nondemolition measurement of the photon-number distribution for a two-mode cavity field. In the scheme two sequences of two-level atoms interact dispersively with the respective cavity modes and resonantly with two classical fields, and then are detected continually. The field finally reduces to a two-mode Fock state. The probability of collapsing to a given Fock state is determined by the initial photon-number distribution. The scheme can be easily generalized to a field with N modes.