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Annual Meeting Optical Society of America

Laser cooling with Raman transitions

Nir Davidson, H. J. Lee, Mark A. Kasevich, Steven Chu

Published Jan 1, 1993• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Sequences of stimulated Raman pulses and optical pumping pulses have been previously used to cool atoms to temperatures below the single photon recoil temperature kbTrec = ℏk2/2m, (m the atomic mass, k the propagation vector of the cooling light) in one-dimension.1
DOI
10.1364/oam.1993.tum.1

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A technique for cooling atoms in two dimensions to temperatures below the single photon recoil limit k{sub B}T{sub rec} = (hk){sup 2}/2M is demonstrated. This technique combines velocity selection using stimulated Raman transitions and dissipation by spontaneous emission. It is an extension of the one dimensional cooling technique that was demonstrated recently. Experimental results for sodium atoms are presented, and the limits on the minimal cooling temperatures are analyzed. Finally, the possibility of applying the Raman cooling technique to atoms in a dipole trap is discussed.
We use velocity-selective Raman pulses generated by two diode lasers to cool cesium atoms in 1 dimension to an r.m.s. of 1.2 mm/s. This is about 1/3 of the single-photon recoil velocity v rec = ℏk/M , where ℏk is the photon momentum and M the atom's mass. The corresponding effective temperature is a factor of 9 below the single-photon recoil temperature given by k B T rec /2 = 1/2 Mv rec 2 . Because of the high cesium mass, this temperature is only (23 ± 5) nanokelvin, the lowest 1D kinetic temperature reported to date.
We demonstrate a new cooling technique which is used to cool sodium atoms in one dimension to an effective temperature of 100 nK, less than 1/10 of the single photon recoil temperature kB{\mathit{k}}_{\mathit{B}}kB​Trec{\mathit{T}}_{\mathrm{rec}}Trec​=(\ensuremath{\Elzxh}k)2{)}^{2})2/2M.
Subrecoil Raman laser cooling of lt;suplt;suplt;supgt;6lt;/suplt;/suplt;/supgt;Li atoms
We realize an efficient one-dimensional Raman cooling of 6Li atoms using 2S→2P Raman transition pulses and 2S→3P ultraviolet (UV) optical repumping. In this cooling scheme, we directly cool an initial cold atomic sample of 350 μK released from a standard magneto-optical trap down to a velocity spread of 0.8 recoil velocity, corresponding to an effective temperature of 4.5 μK, an increase of almost an order of magnitude in the phase space density with respect to ordinary laser sub-Doppler cooling. This technique may provide an ideal initial sub-recoil atomic sample for the application of the large-momentum-transfer in the recoil-sensitive lithium atom interferometers.
Sodium atoms have been cooled in two and three dimensions with stimulated Raman transitions. Atoms in 2D have been cooled to Vrms{\mathit{V}}_{\mathrm{rms}}Vrms​=1.2\ensuremath{\Elzxh}k/M, corresponding to an effective temperature of Teff{\mathit{T}}_{\mathrm{eff}}Teff​=1.7 \ensuremath{\mu}K while atoms in 3D have been cooled to Vrms{\mathit{V}}_{\mathrm{rms}}Vrms​=2.3\ensuremath{\Elzxh}k/M, or Teff{\mathit{T}}_{\mathrm{eff}}Teff​=4.3 \ensuremath{\mu}K.