Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

International Meeting on Instabilities and Dynamics of Lasers and Nonlinear Optical Systems

Squeezed-coherent State Generation via Wideband Four-wave Mixers

Bernard Yurke

Published Jan 1, 1985• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Four-wave mixers have been investigated theoretically as potential sources of squeezed-coherent radiation 1,2 and there are a number of experimental efforts underway to demonstrate the production of squeezed-coherent radiation via such devices.3,4,5 Here the results of some wideband calculations of the output of cavity four-wave mixers is presented. The wideband squeezed-coherent radiation generated by such devices may be detected via a wideband homodyne detector.6 Wideband squeezing will manifest itself in the noise-power spectrum of the homodyne detector's output as regions where the noise is reduced below the level that is observed when no light enters the input port of the homodyne detector. Wideband homodyne detection allows one to look for squeezing at frequencies far from d.c. This gives the experimentalist the freedom to look for squeezing in the frequency range where his detector performs best.

DOI
10.1364/idlnos.1985.wd21

Related papers

Squeezed-coherent-state generation via four-wave mixers and detection via homodyne detectors

Bernard Yurke

Wideband calculations of the response of a homodyne detector to the outputs of various four-wave-mixer configurations are presented. It is shown that the noise-power spectrum of the homodyne detector output can exhibit regions where the noise is greatly reduced below the shot-noise level even at frequencies far from dc. Hence, in the detection of noise squeezing via homodyne detectors, 1/f noise and other low-frequency noise sources may be avoided by observing the homodyne detector's noise power at frequencies far from dc.

Physical Review A•Jul 1, 1985•152 citations

Squeezed states: an overview

Bernard Yurke

A squeezed state of the electromagnetic field has less noise in one of its two amplitude components than that of a coherent state. This property makes squeezed states potentially useful in low noise and precision measurement. Squeezed states may be generated by, among other things, degenerate parametric amplifiers and four-wave mixers. The reduced noise in one of the amplitude components is most easily observed via a homodyne detector. A number of experimental efforts to generate and detect squeezed states are under way. Here, in describing experimental techniques, the experiments' carried out by Slusher et al. are emphasized. A number of techniques were employed to successfully generate squeezed light. An atomic beam of sodium provided the optical nonlinearity in a cavity-backward four-wave mixer. By employing pairs of Fabry-Perot modes spaced symmetrically about the pump frequency, squeezed light was generated in nondegenerate conditions where Rayleigh scattering of pump light could be avoided. To observe squeezing, a number of nonidealities such as phase jitter and detector inefficiencies also had to be overcome.

Annual Meeting Optical Society of America•Jan 1, 1986•0 citations

Four-mode squeezing

Bonny L. Schumaker, Stephen H. Perlmutter, Robert M. Shelby +1 more

The four-wave-mixing interactions produced by pumping at two well-separated frequencies can couple four different radiation modes to generate a new kind of squeezed state of light. A dual-frequency homodyne detection scheme is described and is used to observe this type of nonclassical correlation. Initial experimental results in an optical fiber show a noise level 20% below the vacuum noise level for the output of the dual-frequency detector, even though the noise at each individual detector remains above the vacuum level.

Physical Review Letters•Jan 26, 1987•76 citations

Wideband photon counting and homodyne detection

Bernard Yurke

Homodyne detection has been proposed as a means of detecting squeezed coherent radiation. Here the response of a balanced homodyne detector to wideband squeezed coherent states is presented. In order to carry out the analysis the theory of wideband photodetection is reviewed and in order to determine the ultimate performance limits of photoemissive detectors small terms of order \ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\omega}/${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{0}$ that are usually neglected, where ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{0}$ is the optical carrier frequency and \ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\omega} is the electronics bandwidth, have been kept. It is shown that the ultimate noise reduction that can be achieved in the noise-power spectrum of a homodyne detector, detecting squeezed coherent radiation, is a factor of 2 worse when photoemissive detectors are used instead of power flux detectors.

Physical Review A•Jul 1, 1985•121 citations

GENERATION OF PULSED SQUEEZED LIGHT FIELD VIA FORWARD FOUR-WAVE MIXING

Lin-sheng He, JIANG HAI-HE, XIA YU-XING +1 more

A scheme is proposed, in which the pulse train of squeezed light is generated via forward four-wave mixing through a nonlinear medium with third-order polarizability, coherently pumped by a train of pulses of modelocked laser. One of the quadrature noise compoments of the squeezed light is measured with a balanced homodyne detector using a pulse train as the local oscillation. The theoretical results show that the fairly high-intensity output of squeezed light can be achieved, and the noise-power spectrum of the light is almost completely squeezed and exhibits the form of a train of pulses, but the shape of squeezed spectrum is reversed with respect to that of the pulse train of the input light.

Acta Physica Sinica•Jan 1, 1991•1 citation

Fundamental limits to observations of squeezing via balanced homodyne detection

Samuel L. Braunstein, David D. Crouch

A photodetector's electronic bandwidth is the frequency range over which beats between different frequencies in the input can be observed in the output. The output of a balanced homodyne detector, the prototypical device for detecting squeezed light, consists of beats between a signal to be measured and a local oscillator. Beats between the signal and quantum local-oscillator fluctuations lead to noise that degrades the observed squeezing. Through wide-band calculations, we show that this noise contains contributions from the entire signal bandwidth, even when this bandwidth is orders of magnitude larger than the detector's electronic bandwidth. This allows us to place an upper limit on the total power that can enter the detector's signal port (both signal and extraneous light) within the detector's optical bandwidth in order for a given level of squeezing to be observable.

Physical Review A•Jan 1, 1991•10 citations
Four-wave mixers have been investigated theoretically as potential sources of squeezed-coherent radiation 1,2 and there are a number of experimental efforts underway to demonstrate the production of squeezed-coherent radiation via such devices.3,4,5 Here the results of some wideband calculations of the output of cavity four-wave mixers is presented. The wideband squeezed-coherent radiation generated by such devices may be detected via a wideband homodyne detector.6 Wideband squeezing will manifest itself in the noise-power spectrum of the homodyne detector's output as regions where the noise is reduced below the level that is observed when no light enters the input port of the homodyne detector. Wideband homodyne detection allows one to look for squeezing at frequencies far from d.c. This gives the experimentalist the freedom to look for squeezing in the frequency range where his detector performs best.
Wideband calculations of the response of a homodyne detector to the outputs of various four-wave-mixer configurations are presented. It is shown that the noise-power spectrum of the homodyne detector output can exhibit regions where the noise is greatly reduced below the shot-noise level even at frequencies far from dc. Hence, in the detection of noise squeezing via homodyne detectors, 1/f noise and other low-frequency noise sources may be avoided by observing the homodyne detector's noise power at frequencies far from dc.
A squeezed state of the electromagnetic field has less noise in one of its two amplitude components than that of a coherent state. This property makes squeezed states potentially useful in low noise and precision measurement. Squeezed states may be generated by, among other things, degenerate parametric amplifiers and four-wave mixers. The reduced noise in one of the amplitude components is most easily observed via a homodyne detector. A number of experimental efforts to generate and detect squeezed states are under way. Here, in describing experimental techniques, the experiments' carried out by Slusher et al. are emphasized. A number of techniques were employed to successfully generate squeezed light. An atomic beam of sodium provided the optical nonlinearity in a cavity-backward four-wave mixer. By employing pairs of Fabry-Perot modes spaced symmetrically about the pump frequency, squeezed light was generated in nondegenerate conditions where Rayleigh scattering of pump light could be avoided. To observe squeezing, a number of nonidealities such as phase jitter and detector inefficiencies also had to be overcome.
The four-wave-mixing interactions produced by pumping at two well-separated frequencies can couple four different radiation modes to generate a new kind of squeezed state of light. A dual-frequency homodyne detection scheme is described and is used to observe this type of nonclassical correlation. Initial experimental results in an optical fiber show a noise level 20% below the vacuum noise level for the output of the dual-frequency detector, even though the noise at each individual detector remains above the vacuum level.
Homodyne detection has been proposed as a means of detecting squeezed coherent radiation. Here the response of a balanced homodyne detector to wideband squeezed coherent states is presented. In order to carry out the analysis the theory of wideband photodetection is reviewed and in order to determine the ultimate performance limits of photoemissive detectors small terms of order \ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\omega}/${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{0}$ that are usually neglected, where ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{0}$ is the optical carrier frequency and \ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\omega} is the electronics bandwidth, have been kept. It is shown that the ultimate noise reduction that can be achieved in the noise-power spectrum of a homodyne detector, detecting squeezed coherent radiation, is a factor of 2 worse when photoemissive detectors are used instead of power flux detectors.
A scheme is proposed, in which the pulse train of squeezed light is generated via forward four-wave mixing through a nonlinear medium with third-order polarizability, coherently pumped by a train of pulses of modelocked laser. One of the quadrature noise compoments of the squeezed light is measured with a balanced homodyne detector using a pulse train as the local oscillation. The theoretical results show that the fairly high-intensity output of squeezed light can be achieved, and the noise-power spectrum of the light is almost completely squeezed and exhibits the form of a train of pulses, but the shape of squeezed spectrum is reversed with respect to that of the pulse train of the input light.
A photodetector's electronic bandwidth is the frequency range over which beats between different frequencies in the input can be observed in the output. The output of a balanced homodyne detector, the prototypical device for detecting squeezed light, consists of beats between a signal to be measured and a local oscillator. Beats between the signal and quantum local-oscillator fluctuations lead to noise that degrades the observed squeezing. Through wide-band calculations, we show that this noise contains contributions from the entire signal bandwidth, even when this bandwidth is orders of magnitude larger than the detector's electronic bandwidth. This allows us to place an upper limit on the total power that can enter the detector's signal port (both signal and extraneous light) within the detector's optical bandwidth in order for a given level of squeezing to be observable.