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International Meeting on Instabilities and Dynamics of Lasers and Nonlinear Optical Systems

Experimental studies of transient noise-induced bistability

Wulfhard K. Lange, Fedor M. Mitschke, R. Deserno, J. Mlynek

Published Jan 1, 1985• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The role of external noise in the process of critical slowing down (CSD) has been analysed theoretically by Broggi and Lugiato/1/; these authors recently predicted a transient noise-induced optical bistability due to amplitude fluctuations in the light input. They found that under conditions of CSD the probability distribution of light field amplitudes becomes double-peaked in a sizeable time interval during the approach to the single-peaked steady state distribution. Moreover they found that in the presence of fluctuations the delay times τD observed in an experiment on CSD should have a broad distribution, which can be very asymmetric. With increasing noise levels the mean value of the delay time should be considerably shorter than in the deterministic case.

DOI
10.1364/idlnos.1985.thd4

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The role of external noise in the process of critical slowing down (CSD) has been analysed theoretically by Broggi and Lugiato/1/; these authors recently predicted a transient noise-induced optical bistability due to amplitude fluctuations in the light input. They found that under conditions of CSD the probability distribution of light field amplitudes becomes double-peaked in a sizeable time interval during the approach to the single-peaked steady state distribution. Moreover they found that in the presence of fluctuations the delay times τD observed in an experiment on CSD should have a broad distribution, which can be very asymmetric. With increasing noise levels the mean value of the delay time should be considerably shorter than in the deterministic case.
We solve numerically the simplest Fokker-Planck equation which describes the effects of amplitude noise in absorbitive optical bistability. When the semiclassical solution exhibits critical slowing down, the probability distribution becomes two-peaked in a sizable time interval during the approach to the one-peaked steady-state distribution. The switching time undergoes considerable fluctuations, and on the average it is shorter than predicted by semiclassical theory. These noise effects seem accessible to experimental observation.
The influence of noise on an optical bistable system in the vicinity of one of the bifurcation points is investigated by studying the transient response to a step input of light. The experiment is performed under absorptive conditions in a sodium-filled nonlinear Fabry-Perot in the bad cavity limit. Alternatively, a bistable electronic circuit (Schmitt trigger) is shown to exhibit the same type of behavior while admitting more detailed studies. On the monostable side of the bifurcation point, we observe a transient bimodality as well as a shift of the average switching delay to shorter times with increasing noise. Both results are in accord with a recent prediction by Broggi and Lugiato. We also present indications that the average switching time is smoothly connected with the lifetime of the metastable state on the bistable side of the bifurcation point.
From a statistical viewpoint, the signature of optical bistability is the two-peaked character of its stationary probability distribution. However, the exceedingly long lifetime of the two metastable states makes the experimental observation very difficult. We recently showed (1) that the critical slowing down can produce the emergence of a double-peaked distribution during the transient, with a scenario that is accessible to experimental observation, a goal that has been brilliantly achieved by the Hannover group (2) using optically pumped sodium vapour. This phenomenon, called transient bimodality, is universal in the sense that it arises in all systems that, at a deterministic level, exhibit a long induction stage followed by a fast switching to the steady state (3). And, in fact, the Hannover team observed this phenomenon also in an electronic system (4).
We analyze the main features of transient bimodality in optically bistable systems. This phenomenon is proved to exhibit a nonmonotonic behavior in its dependence on the noise level, because a decrease of noise first enhances and subsequently damps the transient bimodality. Hence we identify a range of noise levels which characterizes the phenomenon. In this range the most probable switching time exhibits a remarkably linear dependence on the logarithm of the noise parameter. We discuss the dependence of the phenomenon on the distance from the critical point, especially in connection with the experiments on critical slowing down. Our results show a very satisfactory qualitative agreement with the recent experiments on transient bimodality performed by Lange and collaborators. We argue that our picture holds in general for a large class of systems which exhibit the phenomenon of transient bimodality.