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International Meeting on Instabilities and Dynamics of Lasers and Nonlinear Optical Systems

Intrinsic Oscillations and Multistability in the Trasmission of a Na Vapor filled Fabry-Perot in absence of a Buffer Gas.

P. Salieri, Giovanni Giusfredi, S. Cecchi, F. T. Arecchi

Published Jan 1, 1985• 0 citations

Abstract

In previous experiments on the trasmission properties of a Fabry-Perot interferometer filled with Na vapor |1,2| a buffer gas was added to collisionally broaden the resonance, with velocity changing collisions inducing broad ground state pumping over the whole line. Here we consider the very different inhomogeneous regime (no buffer gas), where optical pumping takes place on single homogeneous velocity groups. We carefully control direction and strength of the magnetic field and examine the cavity transmission properties, both in intensity and polarization, in the temperature range 130 - 180 °C (0.5 - 9.2·1011 atoms/cm3), as the laser is tuned across the DI line.

DOI: 10.1364/idlnos.1985.wa4

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In previous experiments on the trasmission properties of a Fabry-Perot interferometer filled with Na vapor |1,2| a buffer gas was added to collisionally broaden the resonance, with velocity changing collisions inducing broad ground state pumping over the whole line. Here we consider the very different inhomogeneous regime (no buffer gas), where optical pumping takes place on single homogeneous velocity groups. We carefully control direction and strength of the magnetic field and examine the cavity transmission properties, both in intensity and polarization, in the temperature range 130 - 180 °C (0.5 - 9.2·1011 atoms/cm3), as the laser is tuned across the DI line.

We report on the static and dynamic behavior of the intensity and polarization of the light transmitted by a Fabry–Perot cavity filled with sodium vapor without a buffer gas. The light beam is resonant with the D1 transition, and the behavior can be traced back to the simultaneous presence of Zeeman pumping and hyperfine pumping in the sodium ground state, combined with velocity-selective hole-burning effects. Together with optical bistability, tristability, and pitchfork bifurcation, the system displays intrinsic oscillations in the absence of a magnetic field. We discuss the features of these phenomena, particularly the appearance of Hopf bifurcations, and the ways they are affected by the experimental control parameters. We also report evidence of period doubling and of more-complex dynamics in the presence of a magnetic field.

We report on the observation of critical slowing down and of self-pulsing in a Fabry-Perot resonator (FP) filled with sodium atoms under conditions of transverse optical pumping /1/. The experimental set-up (see Fig.1) is similar to the one used in steady-state bistability studies reported before /2/. The dye laser, optically isolated from the FP by means of a Faraday rotator (FR) is detuned from the Na D1-line by 10 to 20 GHz. The sodium sample (N ≃ 1013 cm–3, buffer gas: argon, p=200 mbar) is placed in a near confocal Fabry-Perot (Beam waist: 1 20 μm) and can be subjected to a transverse magnetic field B. The intensity of the laser beam can be switched by means of an electro-optic modulator(EOM), thus providing input-steps of variable height (power:5 – 50 mW). A polarizer P1 is used to either circularly or linearly polarize the input beam. The right– and left circular polarization components of the resonator output beam can be separated by means of a λ/4-plate and a polarizing beam splitter P2. A pair of photodiodes PDi is used for detection.

Results are given of an experiment which demonstrates switching of the polarization state of the output of a near-concentric Fabry-Perot containing sodium vapour, excited via the homogeneously broadened Dl transition. An example of the output, for linearly polarized laser input, at 1.5 GHz below line center shows switching with hysteresis at high input power (approximately 400 mW) due to saturation, as well as the switching at lower power (approximately mW) due to optical pumping effects. Purely absorptive polarization switching at approximately 50 mW input power was observed. Polarization switching has been predicted in the context of three state atoms in an optical cavity, and the lower power switchin has been previously observed using the inhomogeneously broadened Dl transition of sodium in a Fabry-Perot with the laser detuned above line center. By using argon buffer gas at up to 100 torr, importance of hyperfine structure and inhomogeneous broadening was reduced so as to make the transition approximate a J + 1/2 to J - 1/2 transition.