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Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Matematika i mekhanika

Formal derivation of mechanical motion magnitudes

Vladimir Electromechanical Plant, Valentin D. Pavlov

Published Jan 1, 2022• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum-mechanical differential equations are considered, which are formal analogues of the Schrödinger equation. Their differences from each other and from the Schrödinger equation lie in the orders of partial derivatives. A characteristic feature of these equations is the presence of dimensional coefficients, which are the product of integer powers of mass and velocity, which allows us to consider them as quantities of mechanical motion. The logical regularity of the formation of these values is established. The applied nature of two of them - the integral Umov vector for kinetic energy and backward momentum - is considered.

DOI
10.17223/19988621/78/11

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Quantum-mechanical differential equations are considered, which are formal analogues of the Schrödinger equation. Their differences from each other and from the Schrödinger equation lie in the orders of partial derivatives. A characteristic feature of these equations is the presence of dimensional coefficients, which are the product of integer powers of mass and velocity, which allows us to consider them as quantities of mechanical motion. The logical regularity of the formation of these values is established. The applied nature of two of them - the integral Umov vector for kinetic energy and backward momentum - is considered.
Macromechanical quantities are obtained using quantum mechanical differential equations. The magnitudes of mechanical motion of different orders are generated by formal analogues of the Schrödinger equation. These quantities include both known (mass, momentum, kinetic energy) and unknown (Umov’s integral vector for kinetic energy, reverse impulse, etc.) properties. The proper Schrödinger equation formally generates the zeroth-order mechanical motion mv0m{{{v}}^{0}}mv0 (in the sense that it is in the Schrödinger equation). The magnitude of the first-order mechanical motion mv1m{{{v}}^{1}}mv1 is generated by a formal analogue of the Schrödinger equation, which is a combination of the proper wave function and its gradient.
The wave function Ψ satisfies the Schrödinger equation for a free particle. Formally, the Schrödinger equation generates the magnitude of mechanical motion of the zero order 0 p = mv 0 (in the sense that it is contained in the Schrödinger equation. Comparison of the wave function Ψ and its gradient implies a formal analogue of the Schrödinger equation, which generates the magnitude of mechanical motion of the first order 1 p = mv 1. From the comparison of the wave function and its time derivative yields a formal analogue of the Schrödinger equation, which generates the magnitude of mechanical motion of the second order 2 p = mv 2/2!. The values of mechanical motion of the zero, first, and second orders are known.Obviously, other formal analogs of the Schrödinger equation can generate mechanical motion of other orders.The aim of the work is to establish such quantities and related regularities that may be of interest, which makes the study relevant. hovering. Then the spatial derivatives will be one-dimensional. The magnitude of the mechanical movement of the third order is 3 p = mv 3/3!. This value is Umov's integral vector for kinetic energy. The magnitude of the mechanical movement minus the first order -1 p = mv -1 is a reverse impulse. The meaning of this quantity and its relevance is established by the theorem: in a hy- drogen-like atom, the quantity m v-1 is quantized. A fixed (unchanged) quantum is a quantity m v-1 correspond- e e 0 ing to the basic energy level. Almost all of the results obtained were a consequence of the use of quantum mechanical differential equations, however, the results themselves are predominantly macromechanical. The quantities of mechanical motion of various orders are generated by formal analogs of the Schrödinger equation. In all formal analogs of the Schrödinger equation, the orders of the partial derivatives differ by one. For quantities of motion with a positive degree of velocity, the order of the temporal derivatives is higher than that of the spatial ones. For quantities with a negative degree, the order of spatial derivatives is higher.
This study examines integrating the Schrödinger equation with classical mechanics using a virtual axis-to-dimensional expansion. One-dimensional material fluctuations are viewed in a two-dimensional plane, explaining the random nature of these fluctuations and their spatial and temporal trajectories. A quantum-consistent force field is proposed, with its strength determined by the Planck constant and inversely proportional to the distance from the stationary point. Newton's second law is applied to establish a second-order linear differential equation for material fluctuations, from which the standard one-dimensional Schrödinger equation is derived, showing their equivalence. The study extends the three-dimensional Schrödinger equation to include external forces and explains quantum phenomena like energy levels and transitions through particle trajectory changes. This approach connects classical mechanics and quantum mechanics, offering a concise and intuitive formulation with clear physical significance.
The Schrodinger equation has been considered to be a postulate of quantum physics, but it is also perceived and derived heuristically as the quantum equivalent of the classical energy relation. We indicate that the Schrodinger equation cannot be a physical postulate, and we show that the heuristic derivations wrongly consider that the particle kinetic energy is proportional to the square of the momentum operator acting on the wavefunction. The correct term is proportional to the square of the momentum. Analyzing particle interactions, we realize that particles have multiple virtual motions and that each motion is accompanied by a wave that has constant amplitude. Accordingly, we define the wavefunction as the superposition of the virtual waves of the particle. As a result, quantum mechanics becomes a local and global theory, while in the traditional formulation it is a local theory. In several interaction settings we can tell what particle motions arise and explain the outcomes in simple and tangible terms. Most importantly, the mathematical foundation of quantum mechanics becomes clear and justified, and we derive the Schrodinger, Dirac, etc. equations as the conditions the wavefunction must satisfy at each space-time point in order to fulfill the respective total energy equation.
Based on the equation of the free movement of inert body built formal analogue of the wave function, which is the solution of the differential equation, almost identical to the Schrodinger equation for a free particle. It is shown that the inverse image of the wave function does not substantially coincides with the equation of rectilinear uniform motion. From a comparison of the formal analogue of the wave function and the classical wave equation to obtain an expression for the wave kinetic energy of an inert body. Show that a formal analogue of the wave function is a function monochrome, for which the phase and group velocities coincide and are equal velocity of the body. We consider two alternative variants of formation of the wave packet for a formal analogue of the wave function, according to which the body either moves simultaneously with all measurement speed range, or with a single.
Abstract Quantum mechanics is written in the language of linear algebra. On the Schrodinger picture the theory represents quantum-mechanical states using the elements of a Hilbert space and represents observable physical properties and the standard dynamics using the linear operators on the state space. We consider the mathematical notions for understanding and working with the standard formulation of quantum mechanics. Each mathematical notion is characterized geometrically, algebraically, and physically. The mathematical representation of quantum-mechanical superpositions is discussed.