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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)

Vector Phase Conjugation in Saturable Media

R.P.M. Green, K. S. Syed, Santiago Camacho-López, Michael J. Damzen

Published Jan 1, 1996• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Vectorial phase conjugation (VPC) is an effective way of eliminating both phase and polarisation distortions in optical systems and is of special interest in solid-state amplifiers operating at high average powers in which the amplified radiation can become depolarised. There have been experimental demonstrations of VPC in two-photon resonant media and in media with local response [1,2]. This paper presents experimental results of the phase conjugate reflectivity and fidelity of VPC in saturable media (Cr4+:YAG and inverted Nd3+:YAG).

DOI
10.1364/cleo_europe.1996.cmk2

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Vectorial phase conjugation (VPC) is an effective way of eliminating both phase and polarisation distortions in optical systems and is of special interest in solid-state amplifiers operating at high average powers in which the amplified radiation can become depolarised. There have been experimental demonstrations of VPC in two-photon resonant media and in media with local response [1,2]. This paper presents experimental results of the phase conjugate reflectivity and fidelity of VPC in saturable media (Cr4+:YAG and inverted Nd3+:YAG).
It is often desirable that a phase conjugate mirror be able to correct for polarization distortions in addition to correcting for wavefront aberrations. Such a device is called a vector phase conjugate mirror. It has been predicted within the context of the third-order theory that vector phase conjugation can be achieved by degenerate four-wave mixing using atomic two-photon transitions between S-states.1 We recently developed a theory of the polarization properties of two-photon resonantly enhanced degenerate four-wave mixing which can treat saturation effects due to pump waves.2 Our results show that for the case of linear and parallel pump wave polarizations, vector phase conjugation occurs with high quality and high reflectivity for two-photon transitions for which the nonresonant Stark shift is very small. We have also found that for the case of circular and counterrotating pump wave polarizations, perfect vector phase conjugation occurs for equal pump wave intensities. We have studied experimentally the effects of saturation and Stark shifts for S → S two-photon transitions of atomic sodium. We have found that high fidelity vector phase conjugation can be obtained.
We study theoretically the properties of transient degenerate four-wave mixing in an isotropic, homogeneously saturable gain medium with interacting beams of arbitrary strength and polarization state. In particular we investigate the ability of the interaction to exhibit vectorial phase conjugation when orthogonally circularly polarized pump beams are used. This mechanism allows the correction of both phase and polarization distortions introduced to an optical beam. Numerical simulations are compared with experiments that use a flashlamp-pumped Nd3+:YAG amplifier and demonstrate good vector phase-conjugate fidelity for both weak and strong probe beams of arbitrary polarization state.