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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)

Optical Transistor Based on a Photorefractive Ring Cavity

Milivoj R. Belić, Milan S. Petrović, Jörg Leonardy, Friedemann Kaiser

Published Jan 1, 1996• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The invention of electronic transistors revolutionized the field of electronics. There have been many attempts to achieve transistor action in different optical circuits [1]. Photorefractive materials possess features (strong response at low power levels and parallel processing) which are convenient for realization of optical circuits that, are functionally similar to different, electronic devices [2]. We use these advantages to propose an optical transistor based on a bidirectional PR ring resonator, whose operation is functionally similar to the operation of a bipolar junction transistor.

DOI
10.1364/cleo_europe.1996.ctue6

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The invention of electronic transistors revolutionized the field of electronics. There have been many attempts to achieve transistor action in different optical circuits [1]. Photorefractive materials possess features (strong response at low power levels and parallel processing) which are convenient for realization of optical circuits that, are functionally similar to different, electronic devices [2]. We use these advantages to propose an optical transistor based on a bidirectional PR ring resonator, whose operation is functionally similar to the operation of a bipolar junction transistor.
The transmission of information as optical signals encoded on light waves traveling through optical fibers and optical networks is increasingly moving to shorter and shorter distance scales. In the near future, optical networking is poised to supersede conventional transmission over electric wires and electronic networks for computer-to-computer communications, chip-to-chip communications, and even on-chip communications. The ever-increasing demand for faster and more reliable devices to process the optical signals offers new opportunities in developing all-optical signal processing systems (systems in which one optical signal controls another, thereby adding "intelligence" to the optical networks). All-optical switches, two-state and many-state all-optical memories, all-optical limiters, all-optical discriminators and all-optical transistors are only a few of the many devices proposed during the last two decades. The "all-optical" label is commonly used to distinguish the devices that do not involve dissipative electronic transport and require essentially no electrical communication of information. The all-optical transistor action was first observed in the context of optical bistability [1] and consists in a strong differential gain regime, in which, for small variations in the input intensity, the output intensity has a very strong variation. This analog operation is for all-optical input what transistor action is for electrical inputs.
We discuss the properties of an optical circuit with gain and loss provided by two-beam coupling in a photorefractive medium and with a photorefractive element as a programmable mirror to provide feedback. As with an ordinary ring resonator having photorefractive gain and loss the circuit can exhibit reversible or irreversible bistability and self-pulsing. In the limit that the feedback element has a response that is slow compared to the gain and loss, its behavior is much like the conventional case. However, whereas a conventional ring resonator has a well-defined detuning characteristic dependent on the round trip length, in the present circuit a fast photorefractive element continually compensates for changes in the round trip path length. The bistability and self-pulsing characteristics are strongly affected by the relative time constants of the three photorefractive media and by the relative magnitudes of the small signal gain and loss. In particular, the on state of the ring has a memory time determined by the time constant of the feedback element.
The development of viable all-optical data processing systems has immense importance for both the computing and telecommunication industries, but device realization remains elusive. In this Letter, we propose an innovative mechanism deployed as a basis for all optical transistor action. In detail, it is determined that an optically pumped system, operating just below laser threshold, can exhibit a greatly enhanced output on application of an off-resonant beam of sufficient intensity. The electrodynamics of the underlying, nonlinear optical mechanism is analyzed, model calculations are performed, and the results are illustrated graphically.