Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Frontiers in Optics

Generating High-Dimensional Entanglement on a Silicon Photonic Chip

Evan Manfreda-Schulz, J. Dulany Elliot, Matthew van Niekerk, Daniel Proctor, Christopher C. Tison, Michael L. Fanto, Stefan F. Preble, Gregory A. Howland

Published Jan 1, 2022• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present an on-chip source of path-entangled photonic qudits by parallel excitation of 8 microring pair sources. The device is foundry-fabricated and uses advanced packaging techniques, a significant advance in generating high-dimensional quantum light on-chip.
DOI
10.1364/fio.2022.fth3e.3

Related papers

Generation of High-Dimensional Entanglement on a Silicon Photonic Chip

Evan Manfreda-Schulz, J. Dulany Elliot, Matthew van Niekerk +4 more

We present an on-chip source of path-entangled photonic qudits by parallel excitation of 8 microring pair sources. The device is foundry-fabricated and uses advanced packaging techniques, a significant advance in generating high-dimensional quantum light on-chip.

Quantum 2.0 Conference and Exhibition•Jan 1, 2022•0 citations

Generating and manipulating high dimensional path entanglement on a silicon photonic chip

Gregory A. Howland

Silicon photonic foundries offer one path for scaling quantum photonic integrated circuits to useful sizes composed of many circuit elements. I will describe our group’s work using the AIM Photonics Foundry to create sources of high-dimensional entanglement across many waveguide paths by exciting arrays of microring-resonator photon pair sources in parallel. Aspects of our work include efficient schemes to certify and quantify entanglement, multi-mode components for manipulating high-dimensional states of light, and advanced packaging techniques.

Photonics for Quantum (PfQ)•Jul 19, 2023•0 citations

Generating high-dimensional entanglement using a foundry-fabricated photonic integrated circuit

Evan Manfreda-Schulz, J. Dulany Elliot, Matthew van Niekerk +7 more

We present a silicon photonic integrated circuit (PIC) designed to generate high-dimensional (HD) entanglement across four discrete waveguide path modes. Our PIC is foundry fabricated and fully packaged with electrical wirebonds and an epoxy bonded fiber array. We performed a partial characterization of our system’s density matrix by demonstrating spectral indistinguishability of photon pairs, measuring the joint coincidence distribution of photon pairs across all pairs of output modes, and measuring the coherences of different mode pairs using two-photon interference. Using a quantitative entanglement witness, we have determined that our system generates at least 1.45 ± 0.15 ebits of HD photonic entanglement.

Optica Quantum•Dec 21, 2023•4 citations

On-chip high-dimensional entangled photon sources

Tavshabad Kaur, Daniel Peace, Jacquiline Romero

Abstract High-dimensional quantum entanglement is an important resource for emerging quantum technologies such as quantum communication and quantum computation. The scalability of metres-long experimental setups limits high-dimensional entanglement in bulk optics. Advancements in quantum technology hinge on reproducible, and reconfigurable quantum devices—including photon sources, which are challenging to achieve in a scalable manner using bulk optics. Advances in nanotechnology and CMOS-compatible integration techniques have enabled the generation of entangled photons on millimeter-scale chips, significantly enhancing scalability, stability, replicability, and miniaturization for real-world quantum applications. In recent years we have seen several chip-scale demonstrations with different discrete degrees of freedom including path, frequency-bin, time-bin, and transverse modes, on many material platforms. A complete quantum photonic integrated circuit requires the generation, manipulation, and detection of quantum states, involving various active and passive quantum photonic components which further increase the degree of complexity. Here, we focus on the high-dimensional versions of qubits—qudits—and review the nonlinear optical processes that facilitate on-chip high-dimensional entangled photon sources, and the currently used material platforms. We discuss a range of current implementations of on-chip high-dimensional entangled photon sources and demonstrated applications. We comment on the current challenges due to the limitations of individual material platforms and present future opportunities in hybrid and heterogeneous integration strategies for the next generation of integrated quantum photonic chips.

arXiv:2409.03224•Journal of Optics•Dec 18, 2024•11 citations

Broadband Quantum Light Source on a SiC Chip

Hong Zeng, L. P. Zhou, Bingcheng Yang +6 more

We report entangled photon pairs generation in a 4H-silicon carbide microring chip via spontaneous four-wave mixing, achieving high generation rate, strong entanglement, and wide spectral bandwidth for integrated quantum photonics.

Asia Communications and Photonics Conference•Nov 5, 2025•0 citations

Three-dimensional entanglement on a silicon chip

Liangliang Lu, Lijun Xia, Zhiyu Chen +9 more

Abstract Entanglement is a counterintuitive feature of quantum physics that is at the heart of quantum technology. High-dimensional quantum states offer unique advantages in various quantum information tasks. Integrated photonic chips have recently emerged as a leading platform for the generation, manipulation and detection of entangled photons. Here, we report a silicon photonic chip that uses interferometric resonance-enhanced photon-pair sources, spectral demultiplexers and high-dimensional reconfigurable circuitries to generate, manipulate and analyse path-entangled three-dimensional qutrit states. By minimizing on-chip electrical and thermal cross-talk, we obtain high-quality quantum interference with visibilities above 96.5% and a maximally entangled-qutrit state with a fidelity of 95.5%. We further explore the fundamental properties of entangled qutrits to test quantum nonlocality and contextuality, and to implement quantum simulations of graphs and high-precision optical phase measurements. Our work paves the path for the development of multiphoton high-dimensional quantum technologies.

arXiv:1911.08807•npj Quantum Information•Mar 26, 2020•74 citations
Silicon photonic foundries offer one path for scaling quantum photonic integrated circuits to useful sizes composed of many circuit elements. I will describe our group’s work using the AIM Photonics Foundry to create sources of high-dimensional entanglement across many waveguide paths by exciting arrays of microring-resonator photon pair sources in parallel. Aspects of our work include efficient schemes to certify and quantify entanglement, multi-mode components for manipulating high-dimensional states of light, and advanced packaging techniques.
We present a silicon photonic integrated circuit (PIC) designed to generate high-dimensional (HD) entanglement across four discrete waveguide path modes. Our PIC is foundry fabricated and fully packaged with electrical wirebonds and an epoxy bonded fiber array. We performed a partial characterization of our system’s density matrix by demonstrating spectral indistinguishability of photon pairs, measuring the joint coincidence distribution of photon pairs across all pairs of output modes, and measuring the coherences of different mode pairs using two-photon interference. Using a quantitative entanglement witness, we have determined that our system generates at least 1.45 ± 0.15 ebits of HD photonic entanglement.
Abstract High-dimensional quantum entanglement is an important resource for emerging quantum technologies such as quantum communication and quantum computation. The scalability of metres-long experimental setups limits high-dimensional entanglement in bulk optics. Advancements in quantum technology hinge on reproducible, and reconfigurable quantum devices—including photon sources, which are challenging to achieve in a scalable manner using bulk optics. Advances in nanotechnology and CMOS-compatible integration techniques have enabled the generation of entangled photons on millimeter-scale chips, significantly enhancing scalability, stability, replicability, and miniaturization for real-world quantum applications. In recent years we have seen several chip-scale demonstrations with different discrete degrees of freedom including path, frequency-bin, time-bin, and transverse modes, on many material platforms. A complete quantum photonic integrated circuit requires the generation, manipulation, and detection of quantum states, involving various active and passive quantum photonic components which further increase the degree of complexity. Here, we focus on the high-dimensional versions of qubits—qudits—and review the nonlinear optical processes that facilitate on-chip high-dimensional entangled photon sources, and the currently used material platforms. We discuss a range of current implementations of on-chip high-dimensional entangled photon sources and demonstrated applications. We comment on the current challenges due to the limitations of individual material platforms and present future opportunities in hybrid and heterogeneous integration strategies for the next generation of integrated quantum photonic chips.
Abstract Entanglement is a counterintuitive feature of quantum physics that is at the heart of quantum technology. High-dimensional quantum states offer unique advantages in various quantum information tasks. Integrated photonic chips have recently emerged as a leading platform for the generation, manipulation and detection of entangled photons. Here, we report a silicon photonic chip that uses interferometric resonance-enhanced photon-pair sources, spectral demultiplexers and high-dimensional reconfigurable circuitries to generate, manipulate and analyse path-entangled three-dimensional qutrit states. By minimizing on-chip electrical and thermal cross-talk, we obtain high-quality quantum interference with visibilities above 96.5% and a maximally entangled-qutrit state with a fidelity of 95.5%. We further explore the fundamental properties of entangled qutrits to test quantum nonlocality and contextuality, and to implement quantum simulations of graphs and high-precision optical phase measurements. Our work paves the path for the development of multiphoton high-dimensional quantum technologies.