The article is devoted to the issues of quantum computational number theory. The prerequisites that gave impetus to its formation, as well as the main provisions regulating its further development, are revealed.
The article considers theories, methods and approaches to legal regulation of relations concerning the usage of quantum communications, as well as methods and approaches. The most probable vector of development of legal regulation concerning these legal relations was identified. During the study, the author used methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as systematization. Attention is drawn to the need to systematize regulatory legal acts in the field of regulation of quantum communications. The article considers the principles that should be taken into account when forming a quantum communication agreement. The conducted study allowed us to come to the conclusion about the need to form a comprehensive regulation, the gradual introduction of technology and the use of preliminary national standards together with legislative norms in the field of regulation of communication relations will help to identify the necessary prerequisites for the formation of a specialized federal law.
Quantum computing is a promising new approach to computing that may allow the solution of certain problems that are very difficult to solve on classical computers. The field received its biggest impetus in 1994 when Shor [1] devised a quantum algorithm for finding the prime factors of large numbers and showed that this algorithm could greatly surpass the performance of known classical algorithms. Since that time, many additional applications have been proposed, and much effort has been devoted to developing hardware capable of running quantum algorithms.
On the basis of its unrivalled potential to solve factorization problems and further application in cryptography, quantum computing is considered as one of the most promising computational models for the future. It provides a new angle for thinking of computation and a new approach for attack various computationally difficult problems. In this article, we give a comprehensive survey of developments in the last twenty years on quantum algorithms, quantum complexity, quantum programming theory, quantum circuits, and quantum cryptography that we hope will serve as references for researchers in related fields. We also outline various research directions and open problems in this area, with the hope of prompting further progress or even solutions.