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Jordan Journal of Physics

Numerical Calculations of Energies for an Infinite Potential Well with Sinusoidal Bottom

Published Dec 31, 2022• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract: We present an investigation for a particle confined in an infinite well with sinusoidal bottom, using the perturbation theory and numerical solution for the Schrödinger equation to obtain the eigen energies and wavefunctions. Potential strength and potential oscillation dependence of the state are examined and analyzed. It is shown that the particle in a box with sinusoidal bottom does not show up the Klauder phenomenon when the perturbations are gradually reduced to zero. The research results show that the potential oscillation significantly affects certain quantum states and, therefore, the ability to manipulate the energy difference between the states. In addition, our results for the present system converge to their corresponding values for the unperturbed one in the high-potential oscillation limit. Keywords: Infinite well, Perturbation theory, Sinusoidal potential, Numerical calculations, Klauder phenomenon.

DOI
10.47011/15.5.4

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•Jan 1, 2018•0 citations
Abstract: We present an investigation for a particle confined in an infinite well with sinusoidal bottom, using the perturbation theory and numerical solution for the Schrödinger equation to obtain the eigen energies and wavefunctions. Potential strength and potential oscillation dependence of the state are examined and analyzed. It is shown that the particle in a box with sinusoidal bottom does not show up the Klauder phenomenon when the perturbations are gradually reduced to zero. The research results show that the potential oscillation significantly affects certain quantum states and, therefore, the ability to manipulate the energy difference between the states. In addition, our results for the present system converge to their corresponding values for the unperturbed one in the high-potential oscillation limit. Keywords: Infinite well, Perturbation theory, Sinusoidal potential, Numerical calculations, Klauder phenomenon.
The quantum model of finite potential well is a most subject in the book of quantum mechanics. The solutions maybe derive from one dimension Schrödinger’s equation for describe a bound state energy of confined particle in the finite potential well. Sometime, the problem of confined particle in the finite potential well does not have an exact solution yet, but there are in fact exact solution.In this work a numerical technique is adopted to find the exact solution for the quantum model of finite potential well. To achieve this numerical solution, I use Fortran code computer program by the Newton-Raphson method for calculating the Eigen state energy for a particle (electron) confined in the finite potential well. Five values of potential width and depth have studied, the results showed that large potential width and large potential depth led me to more bound states, while smaller potential width and depth led me to fewer bound states.A comparison between infinite potential and finite potential has been presented. The results bound state energy and penetration. The results of comparison showed that the wave function of particle confined in the infinite potential cannot penetrate in the well, while the wave function of particle in the finite potential was penetrate in the well; the energy levels of an infinite well are much higher than that the corresponding energy levels for finite potential well. For confined particle in 2 or 3-dimension, we can reduce from result of 1-dimension.
This is the first in a series of papers where we succeed in enlarging the class of exactly solvable potentials in one and three dimensions by obtaining solutions for new relativistic and nonrelativistic problems. This is accomplished by constructing a matrix representation of the wave operator in a complete square integrable basis that makes it tridiagonal. Expanding the wave function in this basis makes the wave equation equivalent to a three-term recursion relation for the expansion coefficients. Consequently, finding solutions of the recursion relation is equivalent to solving the original problem. Doing so results in a larger class of solvable potentials. The usual diagonal representation constraint results in a reduction from the larger class to the conventional class of solvable potentials, giving the well-known energy spectra and the corresponding wave functions. Moreover, some of the new solvable problems show evidence of a Klauder-like phenomenon. In the present work, we give an exact solution for the infinite potential well with a bottom that has a sinusoidal shape.
In this work we look at two different 1-dimensional quantum systems. The potentials for these systems are a linear potential in an infinite well and an inverted harmonic oscillator in an infinite well. We will solve the Schrödinger equation for both of these systems and get the energy eigenvalues and eigenfunctions. The solutions are obtained by using the boundary conditions and numerical methods. The motivation for our study comes from experimental background. For the linear potential we have two different boundary conditions. The first one is the so called normal boundary condition in which the wave function goes to zero on the edge of the well. The second condition is called derivative boundary condition in which the derivative of the wave function goes to zero on the edge of the well. The actual solutions are Airy functions. In the case of the inverted oscillator the solutions are parabolic cylinder functions and they are solved only using the normal boundary condition. Both of the potentials are compared with the particle in a box solutions. We will also present figures and tables from which we can see how the solutions look like. The similarities and differences with the particle in a box solution are also shown visually. The figures and calculations are done using mathematical software. We will also compare the linear potential to a case where the infinite wall is only on the left side. For this case we will also show graphical information of the different properties. With the inverted harmonic oscillator we will take a closer look at the quantum mechanical tunneling. We present some of the history of the quantum tunneling theory, its developers and finally we show the Feynman path integral theory. This theory enables us to get the instanton solutions. The instanton solutions are a way to look at the tunneling properties of the quantum system. The results are compared with the solutions of the double-well potential which is very similar to our case as a quantum system. The solutions are obtained using the same methods which makes the comparison relatively easy. All in all we consider and go through some of the stages of the quantum theory. We also look at the different ways to interpret the theory. We also present the special functions that are needed in our solutions, and look at the properties and different relations to other special functions. It is essential to notice that it is possible to use different mathematical formalisms to get the desired result. The quantum theory has been built for over one hundred years and it has different approaches. Different aspects make it possible to look at different things.
Rayleigh–Schrödinger perturbation theory is used to find energy and wavefunction corrections for a particle confined in a box with infinite walls. The resulting perturbation equations have simple, analytic solutions. The procedure for normalization of the wavefunction corrections is demonstrated, and the perturbation energies and normalized wavefunctions are shown to approach the exact values. The method is applied to both the ground state and first excited state and can become a valuable component of a student’s introduction to perturbation analysis.
Abstract This article examines a particle in a one-dimensional potential well V a (x) ∝ x a , where a ≥ 2 is an even integer. The system is referred to as a harmonic oscillator when a = 2 and as a particle in a box when a → ∞. The finite difference method is applied to solve the Schrödinger equation, determining the ground-state energies and wave functions. Giving accurate description in the cases of a = 2 and a → ∞, the numerical method allows us to explore the system for intermediate values of a, revealing how the energies and wave functions evolve between these two limits. The study includes discussions on the virial theorem, the uncertainty principle, excited states, and the limitation of the numerical method.
To model the quantum behavior of current carriers in heterogeneous nanostructures, different potential wells and barriers are widely used. Of particular interest are those (including artificial ones) for which the corresponding Schrödinger equation can be solved exactly. One of them is an infinitely deep potential well with a flat bottom defined as 𝑈(𝑥) = ∞ for |𝑥| ≥ 𝑎 and 𝑈(𝑥) = 0 for |𝑥| < 𝑎. Here, we report on exact solution of the stationary Schrödinger equation in the case, when the potential bottom is non-flat, i.e., 𝑈(𝑥) = −𝑓𝑥 (𝑓 > 0) if |𝑥| < 𝑎. Physically, this means that the particle in the well is subjected to an external force 𝑓 in the 𝑥-direction.