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Entropy

Physical Layer Security in Two-Way SWIPT Relay Networks with Imperfect CSI and a Friendly Jammer

Maymoona Hayajneh, Thomas Aaron Gulliver

Published Jan 6, 2023• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, the security of two-way relay communications in the presence of a passive eavesdropper is investigated. Two users communicate via a relay that depends solely on energy harvesting to amplify and forward the received signals. Time switching is employed at the relay to harvest energy and obtain user information. A friendly jammer is utilized to hinder the eavesdropping from wiretapping the information signal. The eavesdropper employs maximal ratio combining and selection combining to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the wiretapped signals. Geometric programming (GP) is used to maximize the secrecy capacity of the system by jointly optimizing the time switching ratio of the relay and transmit power of the two users and jammer. The impact of imperfect channel state information at the eavesdropper for the links between the eavesdropper and the other nodes is determined. Further, the secrecy capacity when the jamming signal is not perfectly cancelled at the relay is examined. The secrecy capacity is shown to be greater with a jammer compared to the case without a jammer. The effect of the relay, jammer, and eavesdropper locations on the secrecy capacity is also studied. It is shown that the secrecy capacity is greatest when the relay is at the midpoint between the users. The closer the jammer is to the eavesdropper, the higher the secrecy capacity as the shorter distance decreases the signal-to-noise ratio of the jammer.

DOI
10.3390/e25010122

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In this paper, the security of two-way relay communications in the presence of a passive eavesdropper is investigated. Two users communicate via a relay that depends solely on energy harvesting to amplify and forward the received signals. Time switching is employed at the relay to harvest energy and obtain user information. A friendly jammer is utilized to hinder the eavesdropping from wiretapping the information signal. The eavesdropper employs maximal ratio combining and selection combining to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the wiretapped signals. Geometric programming (GP) is used to maximize the secrecy capacity of the system by jointly optimizing the time switching ratio of the relay and transmit power of the two users and jammer. The impact of imperfect channel state information at the eavesdropper for the links between the eavesdropper and the other nodes is determined. Further, the secrecy capacity when the jamming signal is not perfectly cancelled at the relay is examined. The secrecy capacity is shown to be greater with a jammer compared to the case without a jammer. The effect of the relay, jammer, and eavesdropper locations on the secrecy capacity is also studied. It is shown that the secrecy capacity is greatest when the relay is at the midpoint between the users. The closer the jammer is to the eavesdropper, the higher the secrecy capacity as the shorter distance decreases the signal-to-noise ratio of the jammer.
We focus on a scenario where two wireless source nodes wish to exchange confidential information via an RF energy harvesting untrusted two-way relay. Despite its cooperation in forwarding the information, the relay is considered untrusted out of the concern that it might attempt to decode the confidential information that is being relayed. To discourage the eavesdropping intention of the relay, we use a friendly jammer. Under the total power constraint, to maximize the sum-secrecy rate, we allocate the power among the sources and the jammer optimally and calculate the optimal power splitting ratio to balance between the energy harvesting and the information processing at the relay. We further examine the effect of imperfect channel state information at both sources on the sum- secrecy rate. Numerical results highlight the role of the jammer in achieving the secure communication under channel estimation errors. We have shown that, as the channel estimation error on any of the channels increases, the power allocated to the jammer decreases to abate the interference caused to the confidential information reception due to the imperfect cancellation of jammer's signal.
This paper considers a two-way relay network, in which two sources exchange data through a relay and a cooperative jammer transmits an artificial noise (AN) while a number of nearby eavesdroppers overhear to recover data from both sources. The relay harvests energy from the two source signals and the AN, and then, uses this harvested energy to forward the received signals to the two sources. Each source eliminates its own signal from the relaying signal by self-cancellation and then decodes the data signal received from the other source. For this wireless-powered two-way relay system, we propose two secure relay protocols based on power splitting and time switching techniques. The two protocols are power splitting-based two-way relaying (PS-TWR) and time switching-based two-way relaying (TS-TWR), in which the relay, respectively, controls the power splitting ratio (p) and time switching ratio (α), in order to achieve a balance between the data receiving and the energy harvesting. The optimal values of p and α for each protocol are found analytically to maximize the minimum guaranteed secrecy capacity (CSmin) considering multiple eavesdroppers in high signal-to-noise ratio environments. Numerical results show that both the PS-TWR and TS-TWR protocols using the optimized values of p and α achieve the near-optimal CSminno matter how many eavesdroppers exist anywhere. Comparisons of the two protocols in various scenarios also show that PS-TWR achieves better CSminthan TS-TWR because PS-TWR inherently has a shorter vulnerable time for eavesdropping than TS-TWR.
Cooperative jamming has been demonstrated to be an effective means to provide secret wireless communications and yet this is realized at the expense of the power consumption of the friendly jammers. This paper considers the scenario where friendly jammers harvest energy wirelessly from the signal transmitted by the source, and then use only the harvested energy to transmit the jamming signals for improving the secrecy of the communications of the source to the destination. In particular, we investigate the use of multi-antenna harvest-and-jam (HJ) helpers in a multi-antenna amplify-and-forward (AF) relay wiretap channel assuming that the direct link between the source and destination is broken. Our goal is to maximize the achievable secrecy rate at the destination subject to the transmit power constraints of the AF relay and HJ helpers. In the case of perfect channel state information (CSI), the joint optimization of the artificial noise (AN) covariance for jamming and the AF beamforming matrix is presented as well as a suboptimal solution with lower complexity based on semidefinite relaxation (SDR) which is tight in this case. For the practical case where the CSI is imperfect at both the relay and the HJ helpers, we provide the formulation of the robust optimization for maximizing the worst-case secrecy rate. Using SDR techniques, a near-optimal robust scheme is proposed. Numerical results are provided to validate the effectiveness of the HJ protocol.
In this paper, we consider a multi-node-assisted two-hop cooperative network, where an energy constrained source (S) aims to establish secure communications with a legitimate user in the presence of an eavesdropper. The cooperative nodes simultaneously assist the transmission from base station to legitimate user. Each cooperative node applies power splitting protocol to coordinate the received signal energy for information decoding and energy harvesting. The power splitting ratios at multi-node are formulated based on decode-and-forward (DF) relaying protocols. Depending on the available channel state information (CSI) at the source, we propose two different jamming schemes for secrecy performance enhancement. An optimal node is selected as a jammer to interfere the eavesdropper or a relay to forward the information to legitimate user. we evaluate the network performance based on secrecy outage probability (SOP). In addition, simple and accurate approximations are obtained at different transmission speed thresholds. Furthermore, numerical results reveal that there exist unique splitting ratios and harvesting efficiency that minimize the SOP.
In this letter, we consider a cooperative wireless network consisting of a source, multiple intermediate energy harvesting nodes, and a destination, in the presence of a passive eavesdropper. First, the intermediate nodes use the time switching-based relaying protocol to harvest energy from the source signal. Then, a pair out of intermediate nodes are selected as a relay and a jammer to transmit confidential and jamming signals to the destination and eavesdropper. Under these assumptions, we evaluate the system performance in terms of secrecy outage probability.
This study investigates two‐way relaying where an energy harvesting capable relay exchanges information between two sources. Legitimate information is wire‐tapped by an eavesdropper. To intercept wire‐tapping, this study exploits a friendly jammer. Secrecy outage analysis of the energy harvesting two‐way relaying network with the friendly jammer over Rayleigh fading channels is first proposed in terms of individual secrecy outage probabilities and then validated by computer simulations. Various results demonstrate the efficacy of the jammer in preventing the eavesdropper from stealing the source information and significant impacts of relay location, jammer location, jammer's transmit power, energy conversion efficiency, time switching ratio on the security performance.