Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

iScience

Cosmic coding and transfer for ultra high security near-field communications

Hiroyuki K. M. TANAKA

Published Jan 4, 2023• 11 citations
Publisher

Abstract

By using true random number (TRN) generators, encoding with the highest security can be realized. However, a completely secure strategy to transfer these TRNs has not yet been devised. Quantum key distribution (QKD) has attempted to establish secure key distribution methodology of this kind; however, several quantum cracking strategies have been predicted and experimentally demonstrated. In this work, COSMOCAT was invented as a solution for next-generation ultrahigh security near-field communications. With COSMOCAT, TRNs are generated from naturally occurring and ubiquitous cosmic-ray muons and the generated cosmic keys are distributed by these muons with an unprecedented level of security. The successful results of this experiment indicate that our prototype and the new key-generation-and-distribution standard can be utilized for practical encoding and near-field data transfer at rates of 10-100 Mbps. It is anticipated that COSMOCAT will be one of key techniques for future high security, near-field communication management.

DOI
10.1016/j.isci.2022.105897

Related papers

Cosmic coding and transfer storage (COSMOCATS) for invincible key storage

Hiroyuki K. M. TANAKA

Thus far, a perfectly secure encryption key storage system doesn't exist. As long as key storage is connected to a network system, there is always a chance that it can be cracked. Even if storage is not continually connected to a network system; it is repeatedly necessary for an individual to access storage to upload and download the data; hence there is always a loophole with every conventional encryption key storage system. By utilizing the penetrative nature of cosmic-ray muons, the COSMOCAT (Cosmic coding and transfer) technique may tackle this problem by eliminating the requirement for any network connection to data storage. COSMOCAT was invented as a post quantum key generation and distribution technique for wireless near field communication. However, in its first stage of development, COSMOCAT relied on standard comparators and Global Positioning System (GPS) or other Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) for key generation. Temporal jitters of the signals outputted from comparators and frequency fluctuations in GPS-disciplined oscillators degraded the key strength and the efficiency of both the key generation and distribution. New strategies are tested in this paper to improve these factors. As a result, the key strength and the key authenticating rate limit are respectively improved by 4 orders of magnitude and more than 5 orders of magnitude. As a consequence, it has become possible to propose a practical methodology for a new key storage and authentication strategy which has the potential to be an impregnable defense against any kind of cyber/physical attack to data storage. Practical applications of COSMOCATS-based symmetric-key cryptosystems to an electronic digital signing system, communication, and cloud storage are also discussed.

Scientific Reports•May 30, 2023•8 citations

QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION FOR ULTRA-SECURE WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

EMERGING TRENDS IN DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION

The Wireless communication networks have been increasing their speed at a fast pace while the data sent over unsecured channels has become a major concern due to security issues. The advancement in cryptography techniques is based mainly on computational hardness, which will be endangered as quantum computing technology advances. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a way to share keys in a secure manner based on quantum mechanics principles, which do not allow any kind of unauthorized access. Here we present a wireless communication framework that is secure in nature and makes use of Quantum Key Distribution along with support from Grover’s quantum search algorithm. In particular, the overall system provides generation, distribution, and verification of keys among communicating partners through both quantum channel and classical communication channel security features. Using Grover’s algorithmize one can make key validation more efficient without much increasing computational need for compromising system performance. This will result in high performance systems. This thesis proposed model covers the basic aspects of the techniques, error correction and key sifters. All this together helps to determine a verifiable secret key implementation as a practicable instrument. The system’s performance is simulated in an assesment based evaluation for system security strength, rate of key generation and resistance to eavesdropping threats .This shows that the Security System provides protection against both Classical as well as Quantum Threats and also guarantees efficiency in their communication. The method proposed above is a scalable and future-ready security solutions for the next generation of wireless networks. It does so by contributing to the fortified communication systems in the quantum era and helping develop an enhanced quantum cryptographic system.

•Mar 14, 2026•0 citations

Enhancing Cybersecurity through Quantum Key Distribution: A Comprehensive Implementation Framework

S. Anusooya, Vinod Arunachalam, M. Hema +3 more

The accelerating development of quantum computing capabilities poses an unprecedented challenge to conventional encryption methodologies that currently underpin global digital security infrastructure. Classical cryptographic systems, including widely adopted standards such as RSA and AES, derive their security from the computational intractability of specific mathematical problems, a foundation that quantum algorithms threaten to fundamentally undermine. This research presents a comprehensive investigation into the practical implementation of Quantum Key Distribution as a transformative approach to establishing unconditionally secure communication channels. Through experimental deployment of the BB84 protocol augmented with advanced quantum error correction and privacy amplification techniques, we systematically evaluate the performance characteristics and security guarantees of QKD in realistic network environments. Our experimental framework achieves a secure key generation rate of 2.5 megabits per second while maintaining an average quantum bit error rate of 3.2 percent, demonstrating the practical viability of quantum-secured communication. The implementation exhibits exceptional eavesdropping detection capabilities with a 98.5 percent success rate in identifying unauthorized interception attempts. Comparative security analysis reveals that QKD-based encryption reduces vulnerability to brute-force attacks by 65 percent when contrasted with classical encryption standards. The integration of lattice-based post-quantum cryptographic algorithms provides an additional security layer against store-now-decrypt-later attack strategies. These findings substantiate the position of Quantum Key Distribution as a cornerstone technology for next-generation cybersecurity frameworks, offering robust protection against both current threats and the anticipated capabilities of large-scale quantum computers.

CompSci & AI Advances•Mar 29, 2026•0 citations

Towards Ultra-Secure 6G Networks: A Comprehensive Review on Quantum Key Distribution Techniques and Applications

Sedat Çimen, Deniz Karhan, Merve Güllü

The advent of sixth-generation (6 G) networks introduces transformative communication paradigms characterized by ultra-low latency, massive device connectivity, and unprecedented reliability. These developments also expose networks to complex and dynamic cybersecurity threats and challenge the adequacy of traditional encryption methods against the emerging capabilities of quantum computing. Utilizing the fundamental laws of quantum mechanics, Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) provides unconditional security of communications by enabling the detection of eavesdropping attempts. We systematically analyze existing QKD protocols, designs, and application scenarios while addressing technological limitations and potential solutions. In addition, we explore the future directions necessary to realize scalable, efficient, and practical quantum-secured 6 G networks. Our findings emphasize the strategic importance of QKD as a cornerstone technology for building ultra-secure, quantumresilient communication infrastructures in the era of 6 G.

International Symposium on Innovative Approaches in Smart Technologies (ISAS)•Jun 27, 2025•0 citations

Quantum cryptography assessing the security and practicality of quantum key distribution in modern communication networks

Abha Kiran Rajpoot, Dharmesh Dhabliya, V. N. Trupti +3 more

The increasing number of cyber threats and the approaching development of quantum computing demand a critical review of existing cryptographic approaches. The goal of this work is to evaluate the security and practicality of utilizing Quantum Key Distribution for secure communications. QKD utilizes the laws of quantum mechanics to provide a secure and unbreakable method for exchanging information. Protocols like BB84 are resistant to threatening attacks from both classical and quantum adversaries. The methodology utilizes simulated models and quantum communication toolkits to study critical characteristics such as key generation speed, QBER, latency and scalability. Performance of QKD is compared to that of classical schemes such as RSA-2048, ECC-256 and AES-256. Results reveal that although QKD provides unparalleled theoretical security, its deployment has notable obstacles such as intricate infrastructure, restrictions on distance and elevated latency. Our study reveals that optimizing the interplay between security and practicality in QKD deployment can yield a highly effective safeguard for next-generation communication networks.

Journal of Discrete Mathematical Sciences and Cryptography•Jan 1, 2026•0 citations

Quantum key distribution without sending a quantum signal

Timothy C. Ralph, Nathan Walk

Quantum Key Distribution is a quantum communication technique in which random numbers are encoded on quantum systems, usually photons, and sent from one party, Alice, to another, Bob. Using the data sent via the quantum signals, supplemented by classical communication, it is possible for Alice and Bob to share an unconditionally secure secret key. This is not possible if only classical signals are sent. While this last statement is a long standing result from quantum information theory it turns out only to be true in a non-relativistic setting. If relativistic quantum field theory is considered we show it is possible to distribute an unconditionally secure secret key without sending a quantum signal, instead harnessing the intrinsic entanglement between different regions of space–time. The protocol is practical in free space given horizon technology and might be testable in principle in the near term using microwave technology.

arXiv:1409.2061•New Journal of Physics•Jun 8, 2015•17 citations
By using true random number (TRN) generators, encoding with the highest security can be realized. However, a completely secure strategy to transfer these TRNs has not yet been devised. Quantum key distribution (QKD) has attempted to establish secure key distribution methodology of this kind; however, several quantum cracking strategies have been predicted and experimentally demonstrated. In this work, COSMOCAT was invented as a solution for next-generation ultrahigh security near-field communications. With COSMOCAT, TRNs are generated from naturally occurring and ubiquitous cosmic-ray muons and the generated cosmic keys are distributed by these muons with an unprecedented level of security. The successful results of this experiment indicate that our prototype and the new key-generation-and-distribution standard can be utilized for practical encoding and near-field data transfer at rates of 10-100 Mbps. It is anticipated that COSMOCAT will be one of key techniques for future high security, near-field communication management.
Thus far, a perfectly secure encryption key storage system doesn't exist. As long as key storage is connected to a network system, there is always a chance that it can be cracked. Even if storage is not continually connected to a network system; it is repeatedly necessary for an individual to access storage to upload and download the data; hence there is always a loophole with every conventional encryption key storage system. By utilizing the penetrative nature of cosmic-ray muons, the COSMOCAT (Cosmic coding and transfer) technique may tackle this problem by eliminating the requirement for any network connection to data storage. COSMOCAT was invented as a post quantum key generation and distribution technique for wireless near field communication. However, in its first stage of development, COSMOCAT relied on standard comparators and Global Positioning System (GPS) or other Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) for key generation. Temporal jitters of the signals outputted from comparators and frequency fluctuations in GPS-disciplined oscillators degraded the key strength and the efficiency of both the key generation and distribution. New strategies are tested in this paper to improve these factors. As a result, the key strength and the key authenticating rate limit are respectively improved by 4 orders of magnitude and more than 5 orders of magnitude. As a consequence, it has become possible to propose a practical methodology for a new key storage and authentication strategy which has the potential to be an impregnable defense against any kind of cyber/physical attack to data storage. Practical applications of COSMOCATS-based symmetric-key cryptosystems to an electronic digital signing system, communication, and cloud storage are also discussed.
The Wireless communication networks have been increasing their speed at a fast pace while the data sent over unsecured channels has become a major concern due to security issues. The advancement in cryptography techniques is based mainly on computational hardness, which will be endangered as quantum computing technology advances. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a way to share keys in a secure manner based on quantum mechanics principles, which do not allow any kind of unauthorized access. Here we present a wireless communication framework that is secure in nature and makes use of Quantum Key Distribution along with support from Grover’s quantum search algorithm. In particular, the overall system provides generation, distribution, and verification of keys among communicating partners through both quantum channel and classical communication channel security features. Using Grover’s algorithmize one can make key validation more efficient without much increasing computational need for compromising system performance. This will result in high performance systems. This thesis proposed model covers the basic aspects of the techniques, error correction and key sifters. All this together helps to determine a verifiable secret key implementation as a practicable instrument. The system’s performance is simulated in an assesment based evaluation for system security strength, rate of key generation and resistance to eavesdropping threats .This shows that the Security System provides protection against both Classical as well as Quantum Threats and also guarantees efficiency in their communication. The method proposed above is a scalable and future-ready security solutions for the next generation of wireless networks. It does so by contributing to the fortified communication systems in the quantum era and helping develop an enhanced quantum cryptographic system.
The accelerating development of quantum computing capabilities poses an unprecedented challenge to conventional encryption methodologies that currently underpin global digital security infrastructure. Classical cryptographic systems, including widely adopted standards such as RSA and AES, derive their security from the computational intractability of specific mathematical problems, a foundation that quantum algorithms threaten to fundamentally undermine. This research presents a comprehensive investigation into the practical implementation of Quantum Key Distribution as a transformative approach to establishing unconditionally secure communication channels. Through experimental deployment of the BB84 protocol augmented with advanced quantum error correction and privacy amplification techniques, we systematically evaluate the performance characteristics and security guarantees of QKD in realistic network environments. Our experimental framework achieves a secure key generation rate of 2.5 megabits per second while maintaining an average quantum bit error rate of 3.2 percent, demonstrating the practical viability of quantum-secured communication. The implementation exhibits exceptional eavesdropping detection capabilities with a 98.5 percent success rate in identifying unauthorized interception attempts. Comparative security analysis reveals that QKD-based encryption reduces vulnerability to brute-force attacks by 65 percent when contrasted with classical encryption standards. The integration of lattice-based post-quantum cryptographic algorithms provides an additional security layer against store-now-decrypt-later attack strategies. These findings substantiate the position of Quantum Key Distribution as a cornerstone technology for next-generation cybersecurity frameworks, offering robust protection against both current threats and the anticipated capabilities of large-scale quantum computers.
The advent of sixth-generation (6 G) networks introduces transformative communication paradigms characterized by ultra-low latency, massive device connectivity, and unprecedented reliability. These developments also expose networks to complex and dynamic cybersecurity threats and challenge the adequacy of traditional encryption methods against the emerging capabilities of quantum computing. Utilizing the fundamental laws of quantum mechanics, Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) provides unconditional security of communications by enabling the detection of eavesdropping attempts. We systematically analyze existing QKD protocols, designs, and application scenarios while addressing technological limitations and potential solutions. In addition, we explore the future directions necessary to realize scalable, efficient, and practical quantum-secured 6 G networks. Our findings emphasize the strategic importance of QKD as a cornerstone technology for building ultra-secure, quantumresilient communication infrastructures in the era of 6 G.
The increasing number of cyber threats and the approaching development of quantum computing demand a critical review of existing cryptographic approaches. The goal of this work is to evaluate the security and practicality of utilizing Quantum Key Distribution for secure communications. QKD utilizes the laws of quantum mechanics to provide a secure and unbreakable method for exchanging information. Protocols like BB84 are resistant to threatening attacks from both classical and quantum adversaries. The methodology utilizes simulated models and quantum communication toolkits to study critical characteristics such as key generation speed, QBER, latency and scalability. Performance of QKD is compared to that of classical schemes such as RSA-2048, ECC-256 and AES-256. Results reveal that although QKD provides unparalleled theoretical security, its deployment has notable obstacles such as intricate infrastructure, restrictions on distance and elevated latency. Our study reveals that optimizing the interplay between security and practicality in QKD deployment can yield a highly effective safeguard for next-generation communication networks.
Quantum Key Distribution is a quantum communication technique in which random numbers are encoded on quantum systems, usually photons, and sent from one party, Alice, to another, Bob. Using the data sent via the quantum signals, supplemented by classical communication, it is possible for Alice and Bob to share an unconditionally secure secret key. This is not possible if only classical signals are sent. While this last statement is a long standing result from quantum information theory it turns out only to be true in a non-relativistic setting. If relativistic quantum field theory is considered we show it is possible to distribute an unconditionally secure secret key without sending a quantum signal, instead harnessing the intrinsic entanglement between different regions of space–time. The protocol is practical in free space given horizon technology and might be testable in principle in the near term using microwave technology.