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Springer eBooks

Quantum Service-Oriented Architectures: From Hybrid Classical Approaches to Future Stand-Alone Solutions

David Valencia, Enrique Moguel, Javier Rojo, Javier Berrocal, José Manuel García-Alonso, Juan M. Murillo

Published Jan 1, 2022• 5 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/978-3-031-05324-5_8

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Addressing problems beyond classical computing limits is sparking an increasing interest in Quantum Computing. However, despite their adequacy to address specific problems, quantum algorithms cover a limited subset of the functionality required in real-world computing systems. Additionally, they require expensive specialized hardware. To overcome this issue, hybrid (quantum-classical) software systems are emerging as a promising way to integrate both computing paradigms by applying the principles of Service-Oriented Architectures (SOA). Still, the design and deployment of hybrid service-based systems faces unique challenges like the idiosyncrasies and constraints of NISQ computers (e.g., algorithms that can only run in specific machines, disparate quality attribute metrics), and the management of structural and behavioural properties of service-based applications. From the SOA perspective, architectural decisions need to be made by performing a trade-off analysis and providing quantitative guarantees of system configurations under prescribed levels of uncertainty. In this paper, a method to explore the design space of quantum-classical applications is provided by a formalization of an architectural style of hybrid applications. The obtained results demonstrate that the proposed method successfully identifies decision boundaries. It enables the dynamic selection of the most suitable hybrid or classical configuration based on the user's QoS criteria.

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The development of quantum computing has caught the attention of businesses that could profit from implementing quantum software. Given this, it is not out of the question that in the coming years, hybrid systems will begin to emerge, merging together both the traditional software systems of organization and new quantum ones, giving solutions to difficulties that are today intractable. Service oriented computing (soc) is a logical technique to facilitate such integration. There are some conceptual similarities between calling on a classical service and calling on a quantum service, but there are significant technological differences. This research uses the amazon braket quantum service platform and a well-known problem with a quantum solution to highlight these distinctions and the difficulties inherent in developing high-quality quantum services (integer factorization). To practice providing the factorization as a quantum service, we perform the exercise. This case study illustrates the challenges associated with adopting service-oriented computing for integrating hybrid systems based on classical and quantum principles. After conducting this study, we were able to make suggestions on where to place effort in order to bring about the most effective realization of quantum service-oriented computing.

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Addressing problems beyond classical computing limits is sparking an increasing interest in Quantum Computing. However, despite their adequacy to address specific problems, quantum algorithms cover a limited subset of the functionality required in real-world computing systems. Additionally, they require expensive specialized hardware. To overcome this issue, hybrid (quantum-classical) software systems are emerging as a promising way to integrate both computing paradigms by applying the principles of Service-Oriented Architectures (SOA). Still, the design and deployment of hybrid service-based systems faces unique challenges like the idiosyncrasies and constraints of NISQ computers (e.g., algorithms that can only run in specific machines, disparate quality attribute metrics), and the management of structural and behavioural properties of service-based applications. From the SOA perspective, architectural decisions need to be made by performing a trade-off analysis and providing quantitative guarantees of system configurations under prescribed levels of uncertainty. In this paper, a method to explore the design space of quantum-classical applications is provided by a formalization of an architectural style of hybrid applications. The obtained results demonstrate that the proposed method successfully identifies decision boundaries. It enables the dynamic selection of the most suitable hybrid or classical configuration based on the user's QoS criteria.
Abstract The development that quantum computing technologies are achieving is beginning to attract the interest of companies that could potentially be users of quantum software. Thus, it is perfectly feasible that during the next few years hybrid systems will start to appear integrating both the classical software systems of companies and new quantum ones providing solutions to problems that still remain unmanageable today. A natural way to support such integration is Service-Oriented Computing. While conceptually the invocation of a quantum software service is similar to that of a classical one, technically there are many differences and technological limitations, which refer to platform independence, decoupling, scalability, etc. To highlight these differences and the difficulties to develop quality quantum services, this paper takes a well-known problem to which a quantum solution can be provided, integer factorization, making use of the Amazon Braket quantum service platform. The exercise of trying to provide the factorization as a quantum service is carried out following the best practices, design patterns and standards existing in the implementation of classical services. This case study is used to highlight the rough edges and limitations that arise in the integration of classical-quantum hybrid systems using service-oriented computing. The conclusion of the study allows us to point out directions in which to focus research efforts in order to achieve effective quantum service-oriented computing.
The development of quantum computing has caught the attention of businesses that could profit from implementing quantum software. Given this, it is not out of the question that in the coming years, hybrid systems will begin to emerge, merging together both the traditional software systems of organization and new quantum ones, giving solutions to difficulties that are today intractable. Service oriented computing (soc) is a logical technique to facilitate such integration. There are some conceptual similarities between calling on a classical service and calling on a quantum service, but there are significant technological differences. This research uses the amazon braket quantum service platform and a well-known problem with a quantum solution to highlight these distinctions and the difficulties inherent in developing high-quality quantum services (integer factorization). To practice providing the factorization as a quantum service, we perform the exercise. This case study illustrates the challenges associated with adopting service-oriented computing for integrating hybrid systems based on classical and quantum principles. After conducting this study, we were able to make suggestions on where to place effort in order to bring about the most effective realization of quantum service-oriented computing.