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Optical Engineering

Optical scheme of developing Hamming code-based error detection and correction using Toffoli gates with frequency encoded data

Manas Kumar Garai, Dhoumendra Mandal, Mrinal Kanti Mandal, Sisir Kumar Garai

Published Dec 13, 2022• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Bit-error detection and correction is a very important part of a data communication network. In this article, we propose an optical approach to designing an error detection and correction circuit using Hamming code-based frequency encoded binary data and Toffoli gates. Here, the Toffoli gates are made of semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) that work based on the nonlinear polarization rotation property. The characteristics of SOA, including very fast switching action (about 0.01 ns), low power consumption, frequency independent cross-polarization gain in the C-band, cascading property, etc., make the scheme attractive. The frequency encoded data-based proposed scheme will be effective for WDM communication networks. MATLAB simulation results testify to the feasibility of the proposed scheme.

DOI
10.1117/1.oe.61.12.126102

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Bit-error detection and correction is a very important part of a data communication network. In this article, we propose an optical approach to designing an error detection and correction circuit using Hamming code-based frequency encoded binary data and Toffoli gates. Here, the Toffoli gates are made of semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) that work based on the nonlinear polarization rotation property. The characteristics of SOA, including very fast switching action (about 0.01 ns), low power consumption, frequency independent cross-polarization gain in the C-band, cascading property, etc., make the scheme attractive. The frequency encoded data-based proposed scheme will be effective for WDM communication networks. MATLAB simulation results testify to the feasibility of the proposed scheme.
Abstract The construction of an all-optical frequency-encoded Toffoli gate employing a reflecting semiconductor optical amplifier (RSOA) is proposed in this article. By establishing fields such as quantum computing, optical quantum computing, quantum-dot cellular automata, and superconducting flux logic family, quantum gates have been proved to perform reliably in the present day. A nonzero-mass electron, on the other hand, moves far slower than a quantum particle with zero rest mass, such as a photon. Photons can also be utilized to store data while being sent. These photon qualities have motivated researchers to create quantum gates in the all-optical domain based on them. The RSOA-based implementation of the Toffoli gate gives a significant improvement in the case of high speed, low power, and fast switching time. MATLAB Simulink (R2018a) software is used to simulate the devised design. The theoretical prediction is satisfied by the simulation results.
Quantum gates are dependable in new fields, including superconducting flux 1 ogic, q uantum-dot c ellular automata, optical quantum computing, and quantum computing. Quantum gates such as the Feynman, double Feynman, Fredkin, Peres, and Toffoli have low power dissipation. For designing these gates in the electronic era, a bottleneck problem is the speed limitations of the electron and also the power dissipation due to the optoelectronic devices. Therefore realization of the quantum gates in all-optical (A-O) domain is an important issue. Therefore, a design of A-O Fredkin gate is proposed using optical-add/drop multiplexer (OADM) and reflective semiconductor optical amplifier (RSOA). I nt his d esign, we a lso i ntroduced t he dibit-based logic and frequency encoding scheme. The developed method is simulated using MATLAB.
Abstract With the latest technological advancements and attractive features of next generation intelligent optical networks such as high bandwidth, low power consumption, and low transmission loss, etc., they have been considered as most viable solution to satisfy promptly growing bandwidth demands. However, main optical network components bring forth a set of security challenges and reliability issues, accompanied by new vulnerabilities within the network. This paper proposes a new design for an optical encryption and decryption method for enhancing optical network security using p-i-n photodiode which generates Pseudo Random Binary Sequence (PRBS) as a shot noise fluctuations and wavelength converter based design using Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (SOA) based XOR gate which utilizes Cross-Phase Modulation (XPM). The system performance based on Bit Error Rate (BER) and Q factor are analyzed at different data rates for different link lengths up to 100 km using OptiSystem. It is observed that error free transmission with a BER of 10-12 is achieved a data rate of 10Gbps for a link length of only 30 Km for the system with PIN photodiode’s shot noise being used for PRBS sequence generation. However, wavelength conversion based system enables transmission of signal at 10Gbps signal up to a link length of 90Km.
Modified Hamming Codes designed to have the capability of all error detecting and one error correcting on an ideal optical channel are presented. The codes are applicable to an optical channel with only quantum noise, and are able to achieve all error excluding transmission on the optical channel in a future advanced communication system. The codes are obtained from the Modified of ordinary (7, 4) Hamming codes by adding an extra one-bit symbol to make all errors detectable. It is shown that the codes are also useful on a practical level to completely exclude almost all errors on a channel affected by not only quantum noise but also external noise.
Abstract The fault-tolerant operation of logical qubits is an important requirement for realizing a universal quantum computer. Spin qubits based on quantum dots have great potential to be scaled to large numbers because of their compatibility with standard semiconductor manufacturing. Here, we show that a quantum error correction code can be implemented using a four-qubit array in germanium. We demonstrate a resonant SWAP gate and by combining controlled-Z and controlled-S −1 gates we construct a Toffoli-like three-qubit gate. We execute a two-qubit phase flip code and find that we can preserve the state of the data qubit by applying a refocusing pulse to the ancilla qubit. In addition, we implement a phase flip code on three qubits, making use of a Toffoli-like gate for the final correction step. Both the quality and quantity of the qubits will require significant improvement to achieve fault-tolerance. However, the capability to implement quantum error correction codes enables co-design development of quantum hardware and software, where codes tailored to the properties of spin qubits and advances in fabrication and operation can now come together to advance semiconductor quantum technology.
All Error Detecting Modified Hamming Codes for Ideal Optical Channel and Application to Practical SystemChugo Fujihashi *1 Modified Hamming Codes designed to have the capability of all error detecting and one error correcting on an ideal optical channel are presented.The codes are applicable to an optical channel with only quantum noise, and are able to achieve all error excluding transmission on the optical channel in a future advanced communication system.The codes are obtained from the Modified of ordinary (7, 4) Hamming codes by adding an extra one-bit symbol to make all errors detectable.It is shown that the codes are also useful on a practical level to completely exclude almost all errors on a channel affected by not only quantum noise but also external noise.