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Journal of Physics Conference Series

Continuous Variable Based Quantum Random Number Generator with Observable Assumptions

Hamid Tebyanian

Published Dec 1, 2022• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract This paper presents a semi-device independent protocol for quantum randomness generation constructed on the prepare-and-measure scenario based on the on-off-keying encoding scheme and homodyne and heterodyne detection schemes. Additionally, we introduce a straightforward optical implementation utilizing commercial off-the-shelf components.

DOI
10.1088/1742-6596/2416/1/012004

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Abstract This paper presents a semi-device independent protocol for quantum randomness generation constructed on the prepare-and-measure scenario based on the on-off-keying encoding scheme and homodyne and heterodyne detection schemes. Additionally, we introduce a straightforward optical implementation utilizing commercial off-the-shelf components.
Randomness is a fundamental feature of quantum mechanics, which is an invaluable resource for both classical and quantum technologies. Practical quantum random-number generators (QRNGs) usually need to trust their devices, but their security can be jeopardized in the case of imperfections or malicious external actions. In this work, we present a robust implementation of a semi-device-independent QRNG that guarantees both security and fast generation rates. The system works in a prepare-and-measure scenario, where measurement and source are uncharacterized, but a bound on the energy of the prepared states is assumed. Our implementation exploits heterodyne detection, which offers increased generation rate and improved long-term stability compared to alternative measurement strategies. In particular, due to the tomographic properties of heterodyne measurement, we can compensate for fast phase fluctuations via postprocessing, avoiding complex active phase-stabilization systems. As a result, our scheme combines high security and speed with a simple setup featuring only commercial-off-the-shelf components, making it an attractive solution in many practical scenarios.
We introduce a scheme for a self-testing quantum random-number generator and demonstrate it experimentally. Compared to the fully device-independent model, our scheme requires an extra natural assumption, namely, that the mean number of photons of the signal optical modes is bounded. The scheme is self-testing, as it allows the user to verify in real time the correct functioning of the setup, hence guaranteeing the continuous generation of certified random bits. The scheme is based on a prepare-and-measure setup, which we implement in a proof-of-principle experiment using only off-the-shelf optical components. The randomness generation rate is 1.25 Mbits/s, comparable to commercial solutions. Overall, we believe that this scheme achieves a promising trade-off between the required assumptions, ease of implementation and performance.
Randomness is fundamental for secure communication and information processing. While continuous-variable optical systems offer an attractive platform for this task, certifying genuine quantum randomness in such setups remains challenging. We present a semi-device-independent scheme for randomness certification tailored to continuous-variable implementations, where the dimension assumption is operationally implemented by restricting state preparations to the two-level Fock subspace. Using standard homodyne and displacement-based measurements, we show that simple optical setups can achieve dimension-witness violations that certify positive min-entropy, even in the presence of realistic losses and misaligned reference frames. These results demonstrate that practical and scalable quantum randomness generation is achievable with minimal experimental complexity on continuous-variable platforms.
We present a scheme for a self-testing quantum random number generator. Compared to the fully device-independent model, our scheme requires an extra natural assumption, namely that the mean energy per signal is bounded. The scheme is self-testing, as it allows the user to verify in real-time the correct functioning of the setup, hence guaranteeing the continuous generation of certified random bits. Based on a prepare-and-measure setup, our scheme is practical, and we implement it using only off-the-shelf optical components. The randomness generation rate is 1.25 Mbits/s, comparable to commercial solutions. Overall, we believe that this scheme achieves a promising trade-off between the required assumptions, ease-of-implementation and performance.
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