A brilliant source of single photons

Qin Wang, Xingyu Zhou, Guang‐Can Guo

In this paper, we put forward a new approach towards realizing measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution with passive heralded single-photon sources. In this approach, both Alice and Bob prepare the parametric down-conversion source, where the heralding photons are labeled according to different types of clicks from the local detectors, and the heralded ones can correspondingly be marked with different tags at the receiver's side. Then one can obtain four sets of data through using only one-intensity of pump light by observing different kinds of clicks of local detectors. By employing the newest formulae to do parameter estimation, we could achieve very precise prediction for the two-single-photon pulse contribution. Furthermore, by carrying out corresponding numerical simulations, we compare the new method with other practical schemes of measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution. We demonstrate that our new proposed passive scheme can exhibit remarkable improvement over the conventional three-intensity decoy-state measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution with either heralded single-photon sources or weak coherent sources. Besides, it does not need intensity modulation and can thus diminish source-error defects existing in several other active decoy-state methods. Therefore, if taking intensity modulating errors into account, our new method will show even more brilliant performance.

Natasha Tomm, Alisa Javadi, Nadia O. Antoniadis +8 more

Erik Beckert, Oliver de Vries, Rupert Ursin +3 more

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) will be the first applications for quantum technologies, addressing information security needs by providing a tool for quantum encryption. An Entangled Photon Source EPS, the key building block for QKD, is presented that is based on a non-linear, Spontaneous Parametric Down Conversion SPDC process in a temperature controlled ppKTP crystal that is double-side pumped at 405 nm in a sagnac interferometer setup. The polarization entangled photons are emitted at 810 nm and at a rate of up to ca. 300k per second at 8 mW pumping power. Visibilities in the HV and the DA polarization base in the range of 97-99% have been measured. The EPS integration was realized in a ruggedized, minimized setup to prove space-suitability during thermal and mechanical environmental testing.

Alan L. Migdall, David A. Branning, Stefania Castelletto +1 more

As currently implemented, single-photon sources cannot be made to produce single photons with high probability, while simultaneously suppressing the probability of yielding two or more photons. Because of this, single photon sources cannot really produce single photons on demand. We describe a multiplexed system that allows the probabilities of producing one and more photons to be adjusted independently, enabling a much better approximation of a source of single photons on demand. The scheme uses a heralded photon source based on parametric downconversion, but by effectively breaking the trigger detector area into multiple regions, we are able to extract more information about a heralded photon than is possible with a conventional arrangement. This scheme allows photons to be produced along with a quantitative 'certification' that they are single photons. Some of the single-photon certifications can be significantly better than what is possible with conventional downconversion sources, as well as being better than faint laser sources. With such a source of more tightly certified single photons, it should be possible to improve the maximum secure bit rate possible over a quantum cryptographic link. We present an analysis of the relative merits of this method over the conventional arrangement.

K.-G. Lee, Xuewen Chen, Hadi Eghlidi +3 more