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Polish-Slovak-Czech Optical Conference on Wave and Quantum Aspects of Contemporary Optics

Compact vacuum setup for 27Al+ and 40Ca+ ion trapping

Jakub Grim, Ivan Vlček, Petr Jedlička, Minh T. Pham, Adam Lešundák, Šimon Řeřucha, Martin Čížek, Artem Kovalenko, L. Slodička, Ondřej Čı́p

Published Dec 13, 2022• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present a design of a new compact vacuum chamber with an electrical trap for trapping and laser cooling of 40Ca+ and 27Al+ ions. The custom chamber was designed to a minimum dimension to achieve ultra-high vacuum environment and good optical access to trapped ions. Combining the shape of the electrical trap with intrinsic geometrical symmetry and the size of the viewports will allow maximum efficiency of fluorescence collection from ions. The setup is ready for ablation and loading of 40Ca+ and 27Al+ ions to deal with quantum logic experiments for optical clock operation. In combination with magnetic saddle coils, Helmholtz coil and external magnetic shielding made of mu-metal, we achieve a very homogeneous magnetic field in the ion trapping area. The main part of a chamber equipped with viewports is made of titanium to maintain this homogeneous magnetic field and suppress residual fields. The presented setup will allow quantum experiments with single ions and Coulomb crystals in a stable and homogeneous magnetic field, which is necessary for many-ions optical clock systems.

DOI
10.1117/12.2664638

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We present a design of a new compact vacuum chamber with an electrical trap for trapping and laser cooling of 40Ca+ and 27Al+ ions. The custom chamber was designed to a minimum dimension to achieve ultra-high vacuum environment and good optical access to trapped ions. Combining the shape of the electrical trap with intrinsic geometrical symmetry and the size of the viewports will allow maximum efficiency of fluorescence collection from ions. The setup is ready for ablation and loading of 40Ca+ and 27Al+ ions to deal with quantum logic experiments for optical clock operation. In combination with magnetic saddle coils, Helmholtz coil and external magnetic shielding made of mu-metal, we achieve a very homogeneous magnetic field in the ion trapping area. The main part of a chamber equipped with viewports is made of titanium to maintain this homogeneous magnetic field and suppress residual fields. The presented setup will allow quantum experiments with single ions and Coulomb crystals in a stable and homogeneous magnetic field, which is necessary for many-ions optical clock systems.
SummaryWe present our arrangement of new apparatus for trapping Ca+and Al+ions. The apparatus consists of a compact vacuum chamber, linear quadrupole trap, one pair of Helmholtz coils, two pairs of saddle coils, and a magnetic shield. The new design respects the requirement of the large optical access for laser beam integration, a homogeneous magnetic field in the position of the ion in the trapping area, and an ultra-high vacuum regime to avoid interactions between residual gas and ions. The new apparatus is designed in a way so that all important subparts can be changed easily and allow us to minimize the time when the inner parts are exposed to the air during a component exchange. All parts of the arrangement, including the quadrupole trap, have been designed and developed by the Institute of Scientific Instruments in Brno, Czech Republic.
We report on the design of a cryogenic setup for trapped ion quantum computing containing a segmented surface electrode trap. The heat shield of our cryostat is designed to attenuate alternating magnetic field noise, resulting in 120 dB reduction of 50 Hz noise along the magnetic field axis. We combine this efficient magnetic shielding with high optical access required for single ion addressing as well as for efficient state detection by placing two lenses each with numerical aperture 0.23 inside the inner heat shield. The cryostat design incorporates vibration isolation to avoid decoherence of optical qubits due to the motion of the cryostat. We measure vibrations of the cryostat of less than ±20 nm over 2 s. In addition to the cryogenic apparatus, we describe the setup required for an operation with 40Ca+ and 88Sr+ ions. The instability of the laser manipulating the optical qubits in 40Ca+ is characterized by yielding a minimum of its Allan deviation of 2.4 ⋅ 10-15 at 0.33 s. To evaluate the performance of the apparatus, we trapped 40Ca+ ions, obtaining a heating rate of 2.14(16) phonons/s and a Gaussian decay of the Ramsey contrast with a 1/e-time of 18.2(8) ms.
With the advent of optical clocks featuring fractional frequency uncertainties on the order of 10-17 and below, new applications such as chronometric leveling with few-centimeter height resolution emerge. We are developing a transportable optical clock based on a single trapped aluminum ion, which is interrogated via quantum logic spectroscopy. We employ singly charged calcium as the logic ion for sympathetic cooling, state preparation, and readout. Here, we present a simple and compact physics and laser package for manipulation of 40Ca+. Important features are a segmented multilayer trap with separate loading and probing zones, a compact titanium vacuum chamber, a near-diffraction-limited imaging system with high numerical aperture based on a single biaspheric lens, and an all-in-fiber 40Ca+ repump laser system. We present preliminary estimates of the trap-induced frequency shifts on 27Al+, derived from measurements with a single calcium ion. The micromotion-induced second-order Doppler shift for 27Al+ has been determined to be δνEMMν=-0.4-0.3 +0.4×10-18 and the black-body radiation shift is δνBBR/ν = (-4.0 ± 0.4) × 10-18. Moreover, heating rates of 30 (7) quanta per second at trap frequencies of ωrad,Ca+ ≈ 2π × 2.5 MHz (ωax,Ca+ ≈ 2π × 1.5 MHz) in radial (axial) direction have been measured, enabling interrogation times of a few hundreds of milliseconds.
We report on the design of a cryogenic setup for trapped ion quantum computing containing a segmented surface electrode trap. The heat shield of our cryostat is designed to attenuate alternating magnetic field noise, resulting in 120 dB reduction of 50 Hz noise along the magnetic field axis. We combine this efficient magnetic shielding with high optical access required for single ion addressing as well as for efficient state detection by placing two lenses each with numerical aperture 0.23 inside the inner heat shield. The cryostat design incorporates vibration isolation to avoid decoherence of optical qubits due to the motion of the cryostat. We measure vibrations of the cryostat of less than ±20 nm over 2 s. In addition to the cryogenic apparatus, we describe the setup required for an operation with 40Ca+ and 88Sr+ ions. The instability of the laser manipulating the optical qubits in 40Ca+ is characterized by yielding a minimum of its Allan deviation of 2.4 ⋅ 10−15 at 0.33 s. To evaluate the performance of the apparatus, we trapped 40Ca+ ions, obtaining a heating rate of 2.14(16) phonons/s and a Gaussian decay of the Ramsey contrast with a 1/e-time of 18.2(8) ms.
We are developing a new experimental apparatus for laser cooling of trapped ions, focusing on high electric field homogeneity, modularity and small size. The apparatus allows measurements with Coulomb crystals and easy modification for different experiments. The high homogeneity trap is created by electrospinning, while the modularity allows for the exchange of key parts. By miniaturizing the dimensions, we achieve a larger numerical aperture of the lens and a reduction in the size of the magnetic shielding. This portable apparatus offers new possibilities for ion studies and is promising for applications in satellite systems and reconnaissance satellites.