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IEEE Information Theory Workshop (ITW)

Joint Quantum Communication and Sensing

Shiyuan Wang, Tuna Erdoğan, Uzi Pereg, Matthieu R. Bloch

Published Nov 1, 2022• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

To capture the problem of joint communication and sensing in the quantum regime, we consider the problem of reliably communicating over a Classical-Quantum (c-q) channel that depends on a random parameter while simultaneously estimating the random parameter at the transmitter through a noisy feedback channel. Specifically, for non-adaptive estimation strategies, we obtain an exact characterization of the optimal tradeoffs between the rate of communication and the error exponent of parameter estimation. As in the classical setting, the tradeoff is governed by the empirical distribution of the codewords, which simultaneously controls the rate of reliable communication and the error exponent.

DOI
10.1109/itw54588.2022.9965810

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To capture the problem of joint communication and sensing in the quantum regime, we consider the problem of reliably communicating over a Classical-Quantum (c-q) channel that depends on a random parameter while simultaneously estimating the random parameter at the transmitter through a noisy feedback channel. Specifically, for non-adaptive estimation strategies, we obtain an exact characterization of the optimal tradeoffs between the rate of communication and the error exponent of parameter estimation. As in the classical setting, the tradeoff is governed by the empirical distribution of the codewords, which simultaneously controls the rate of reliable communication and the error exponent.
We study the problem of joint communication and sensing for data transmission systems using optimal quantum instruments in order to transmit data and, at the same time, estimate environmental parameters. In particular we consider the specific but at the same time generic case of a noiseless bosonic classical-quantum channel where part of the transmitted light is reflected back to the transmitter. While sending messages to the receiver, the transmitter tries at the same time to estimate the reflectivity of the channel. Extending earlier results on similar but finite-dimensional systems, we are able to characterize optimal tradeoffs between communication and detection rates. We also compare quantum performance to analogous classical models, quantifying the quantum advantage.
We consider the problem of estimating time-varying quantum noise. Specifically, we focus on Pauli qubit noise with time-variations and attempt to construct the most accurate instantaneous channel description. To this end, we propose an adaptive framework of simultaneous communication and parameter estimation (SCAPE) that efficiently and accurately estimates the time-varying Pauli channel while communicating reliably over the channel being estimated. This adaptive framework gives the informed control of communication rate–parameter estimation tradeoff to communicating parties. Interestingly, this adaptive SCAPE requires post-processing entirely on the receiver’s end and minimal feedback to the sender to increase, decrease, or continue with the same code rate of employed error correcting code. This procedure can be particularly useful in time-varying quantum channels with natural periodic deviations in channel conditions, e.g., in satellite communication channels.
We propose a scheme for simultaneous classical communication and parameter estimation of generalized Pauli channels. This framework relies on the facts that i) under certain conditions, Pauli channels act as classical symmetric channel, and ii) a recently proposed parameter estimation method of Pauli channels can be executed while satisfying the conditions of i). The performance of the parameter estimation part in this simultaneous scheme relies on the symbol error rate of the communication module. This reliance gives rise to a natural tradeoff between the communication rate and the performance of parameter estimation in this simultaneous scheme. We exemplify our protocol by utilizing repetition codes for communication and the aforementioned parameter estimation scheme for the characterization of the channel at hand. We explore the tradeoff behavior between the communication rate and the performance of parameter estimation in the numerical examples. Our proposal paves the way for practical methods in simultaneous communication and channel estimation over unknown quantum channels.
This work considers mitigation of information leakage between communication and sensing operations in joint communication and sensing systems. Specifically, a discrete memoryless state-dependent broadcast channel model is studied in which (i) the presence of feedback enables a transmitter to simultaneously achieve reliable communication and channel state estimation; (ii) one of the receivers is treated as an eavesdropper whose state should be estimated but which should remain oblivious to a part of the transmitted information. The model abstracts the challenges behind security for joint communication and sensing if one views the channel state as a characteristic of the receiver, e.g., its location. For independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) states, perfect output feedback, and when part of the transmitted message should be kept secret, a partial characterization of the secrecy-distortion region is developed. The characterization is exact when the broadcast channel is either physically-degraded or reversely-physically-degraded. The characterization is also extended to the situation in which the entire transmitted message should be kept secret. The benefits of a joint approach compared to separation-based secure communication and state-sensing methods are illustrated with a binary joint communication and sensing model.
An important part of the information theory folklore had been about the output statistics of codes that achieve the capacity and how the empirical distributions compare to the output distributions induced by the optimal input in the channel capacity problem. Results for a variety of such empirical output distributions of good codes have been known in the literature, such as the comparison of the output distribution of the code to the optimal output distribution in vanishing and non-vanishing error probability cases. Motivated by these, we aim to achieve similar results for the quantum codes that are used for classical communication, that is the setting in which the classical messages are communicated through quantum codewords that pass through a noisy quantum channel. We first show the uniqueness of the optimal output distribution, to be able to talk more concretely about the optimal output distribution. Then, we extend the vanishing error probability results to the quantum case, by using techniques that are close in spirit to the classical case. We also extend non-vanishing error probability results to the quantum case on block codes, by using the second-order converses for such codes based on hypercontractivity results for the quantum generalized depolarizing semi-groups.
Entanglement is known to significantly improve the performance (separately) of communication and detection schemes that utilize quantum resources. This work explores the simultaneous utility of quantum entanglement for (joint) communication and detection schemes, over channels that are convex combinations of identity, depolarization and erasure operators, both with perfect and imperfect entanglement assistance. The channel state is binary, rapidly time-varying and unknown to the transmitter. While the communication is delay-tolerant, allowing the use of arbitrarily long codewords to ensure reliable decoding, the channel state detection is required to be instantaneous. The detector is neither co-located with the transmitter, nor able to wait for the decoding in order to learn the transmitted waveform. The results of this work appear in the form of communication-rate vs instantaneous-detection-error tradeoffs, with and without quantum entanglement. Despite the challenges that place the two tasks at odds with each other, the results indicate that quantum entanglement can indeed be simultaneously and significantly beneficial for joint communication and instantaneous detection.