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Intelligent Technologies and Electronic Devices in Vehicle and Road Transport Complex (TIRVED)

Parametric Synthesis of Computational Circuits for Complex Quantum Algorithms in the Transport and Road Sphere

C. B. Pronin, Andrey Vladimirovich Ostroukh, O. I. Maksimychev, Nataliya Grigorievna Kuftinova, A. K Yadav

Published Nov 10, 2022• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Since quantum computing technologies are still in their early development phase, quantum circuits are created mainly by manual placement of logic elements. This development approach has the drawback of becoming inefficient due to lack of human comprehension when analyzing large circuits that correspond to complex algorithms. Because, even a slight increase in the number of operations in a quantum algorithm, could lead to the significant increase in size of its corresponding quantum circuit. Therefore, the purpose of creating Quantum Circuit Synthesizer "Naginata" is to improve the development and debugging processes of quantum circuits by introducing dynamically scalable compositions for common operations such as: the adder, multiplier, digital comparator (comparison operator), etc., turning them into building blocks for quantum programs, as well as providing a stable platform for creating more of these compositions. This way, our quantum synthesizer is opening an opportunity to implement quantum algorithms using higher-level commands. The programmer could implement a quantum algorithm with these generic blocks, and the quantum synthesizer would create a suitable circuit for this algorithm, in a format that is supported by the chosen quantum computation environment. With the help of simple command logging and using coding for building quantum circuits, this approach has the potential to significantly simplify and enhance the development and debugging processes of quantum circuits. The proposed approach for implementing quantum algorithms could have a potential application in the field of machine learning, in this regard, we provided an example of creating a circuit for training a simple neural network. Neural networks have a significant impact on the technological development of the transport and road complex, and there is a potential for improving the reliability and efficiency of their learning process by utilizing quantum computation.

DOI
10.1109/tirved56496.2022.9965530

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Since quantum computing technologies are still in their early development phase, quantum circuits are created mainly by manual placement of logic elements. This development approach has the drawback of becoming inefficient due to lack of human comprehension when analyzing large circuits that correspond to complex algorithms. Because, even a slight increase in the number of operations in a quantum algorithm, could lead to the significant increase in size of its corresponding quantum circuit. Therefore, the purpose of creating Quantum Circuit Synthesizer "Naginata" is to improve the development and debugging processes of quantum circuits by introducing dynamically scalable compositions for common operations such as: the adder, multiplier, digital comparator (comparison operator), etc., turning them into building blocks for quantum programs, as well as providing a stable platform for creating more of these compositions. This way, our quantum synthesizer is opening an opportunity to implement quantum algorithms using higher-level commands. The programmer could implement a quantum algorithm with these generic blocks, and the quantum synthesizer would create a suitable circuit for this algorithm, in a format that is supported by the chosen quantum computation environment. With the help of simple command logging and using coding for building quantum circuits, this approach has the potential to significantly simplify and enhance the development and debugging processes of quantum circuits. The proposed approach for implementing quantum algorithms could have a potential application in the field of machine learning, in this regard, we provided an example of creating a circuit for training a simple neural network. Neural networks have a significant impact on the technological development of the transport and road complex, and there is a potential for improving the reliability and efficiency of their learning process by utilizing quantum computation.
At the moment, quantum circuits are created mainly by manually placing logic elements on lines that symbolize quantum bits. The purpose of creating Quantum Circuit Synthesizer "Naginata" was due to the fact that even with a slight increase in the number of operations in a quantum algorithm, leads to the significant increase in size of the corresponding quantum circuit. This causes serious difficulties both in creating and debugging these quantum circuits. The purpose of our quantum synthesizer is enabling users an opportunity to implement quantum algorithms using higher-level commands. This is achieved by creating generic blocks for frequently used operations such as: the adder, multiplier, digital comparator (comparison operator), etc. Thus, the user could implement a quantum algorithm by using these generic blocks, and the quantum synthesizer would create a suitable circuit for this algorithm, in a format that is supported by the chosen quantum computation environment. This approach greatly simplifies the processes of development and debugging a quantum algorithm. The proposed approach for implementing quantum algorithms has a potential application in the field of machine learning, in this regard, we provided an example of creating a circuit for training a simple neural network. Neural networks have a significant impact on the technological development of the transport and road complex, and there is a potential for improving the reliability and efficiency of their learning process by utilizing quantum computation, through the introduction of quantum computing.
This work contains the analysis of results received after running synthesized quantum circuits for training perceptron neural networks. The training is performed by creating a Grover’s algorithm with a custom oracle function. The concept of synthesizing quantum circuits was showcased in the process of generating training circuits for three perceptron topologies, which were designed to test the accuracy of the synthesis process. The test circuits serve to prove that the proposed synthesis approach could be scaled to utilize more complex quantum computing systems and to solve more practical tasks. IBM’s 100-qubit cloud quantum simulator was used as the debugging environment. Quantum circuits for described algorithms are generated by the "Naginata" quantum synthesizer, its source code is published and further documented on GitHub along with the code for the provided example algorithms. The article describes the processes behind the algorithm for synthesizing quantum circuits that perform the training process of single-layer perceptrons by finding their weights by filtering all possible input values through a predefined accuracy criterion. Since quantum computing is still in its early development phase, quantum circuits are created mainly by manual placement of logic elements. Implementing quantum algorithms, especially more use-case specific ones, directly on the quantum circuit level could lead to the circuit easily becoming too complex for human comprehension. Quantum Circuit Synthesizer "Naginata" was created to simplify the development and debugging process of quantum algorithms, by adding better clarity to their development process. In our case, better clarity for the development process is achieved by composing functions for commonly used operations performed in the implemented quantum algorithm. The programmer could now implement the quantum algorithm as a set of functions, instead of manually creating a circuit from single logic elements. After this, the synthesizer would handle the task of creating the data for placing logic elements on the circuit. This enables an opportunity of implementing quantum algorithms with higher-level commands. In the scope of this work, parametrically generated generic blocks for frequently used operations such as: the adder, multiplier and digital comparator were created and utilized to form the training circuits. The test results, proved that with the help of the proposed quantum synthesizer, these compositions could be used efficiently as building blocks for implementing quantum algorithms. And by visually comparing sizes of both code and circuit representations of the synthesized circuits, to the code examples used to synthesize these circuits, it is determined that the proposed approach for implementing quantum circuits greatly simplifies the processes of development and debugging a quantum algorithm.
This paper showcases a method of parametric synthesis of quantum circuits for training perceptron neural networks. Synapse weights are found using Grover's algorithm with a modified oracle function. The results of running these parametrically synthesized circuits for training perceptrons of three different topologies are described. The circuits were run on a 100-qubit IBM quantum simulator. The synthesis of quantum circuits is carried out using quantum synthesizer "Naginata", which was developed in the scope of this work, the source code of which is published and further documented on GitHub. The article describes the quantum circuit synthesis algorithm for training single-layer perceptrons. At the moment, quantum circuits are created mainly by manually placing logic elements on lines that symbolize quantum bits. The purpose of creating Quantum Circuit Synthesizer "Naginata" was due to the fact that even with a slight increase in the number of operations in a quantum algorithm, leads to the significant increase in size of the corresponding quantum circuit. This causes serious difficulties both in creating and debugging these quantum circuits. The purpose of our quantum synthesizer is enabling users an opportunity to implement quantum algorithms using higher-level commands. This is achieved by creating generic blocks for frequently used operations such as: the adder, multiplier, digital comparator (comparison operator), etc. Thus, the user could implement a quantum algorithm by using these generic blocks, and the quantum synthesizer would create a suitable circuit for this algorithm, in a format that is supported by the chosen quantum computation environment. This approach greatly simplifies the processes of development and debugging a quantum algorithm.
While the ability to build quantum computers is improving dramatically, developing quantum algorithms is very limited and relies on human insight and ingenuity. Although several quantum programming languages have been developed, it is challenging for software developers unfamiliar with quantum computing to learn and use these languages. It is, therefore, necessary to develop tools to support developing new quantum algorithms and programs automatically. This paper proposes AutoQC, an approach to automatically synthesizing quantum circuits using the neural network from input and output pairs. We consider a quantum circuit a sequence of quantum gates and synthesize a quantum circuit probabilistically by prioritizing through a neural network at each step. The experimental results highlight the ability of AutoQC to synthesize some essential quantum circuits at a lower cost.
While the ability to build quantum computers is improving dramatically, developing quantum algorithms is limited and relies on human insight and ingenuity. Although a number of quantum programming languages have been developed, it is challenging for software developers who are not familiar with quantum computing to learn and use these languages. It is, therefore, necessary to develop tools to support developing new quantum algorithms and programs automatically. This paper proposes AutoQC, an approach to automatically synthesizing quantum circuits using the neural network from input and output pairs. We consider a quantum circuit a sequence of quantum gates and synthesize a quantum circuit probabilistically by prioritizing with a neural network at each step. The experimental results highlight the ability of AutoQC to synthesize some essential quantum circuits at a lower cost.
This paper highlights a practical research of the possibility of forming quantum circuits for training neural networks. The demonstrated quantum circuits were based on the principles of Grover's Search Algorithm. The perceptron was chosen as the architecture for the example neural network. The multilayer perceptron is a popular neural network architecture due to its scalability and applicability for solving a wide range of problems. Large scale neural networks can require significant computing resources for training purposes, therefore Grover’s quantum search algorithm could be used as a way to speed up this process, thanks to its ability of simultaneously processing multiple input values of a given function.