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Smart innovation, systems and technologies

A LWE-Based Receiver-Deniable Encryption Scheme

Po-Wen Chi, Ming-Hung Wang, Yun‐Hsin Chuang

Published Nov 29, 2022• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/978-3-031-05491-4_13

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Bi-deniable Encryption scheme means that when the sender and the receiver are coerced, the coercer can obtain fake plaintext, random numbers, and secret keys. It’s a solution strategy in the case of information leakage. Compared with traditional encryption, deniable encryption can provide secret communications in situations of coercion in the Post-Quantum era. Compared with sender-deniable encryption and receiver-deniable encryption, bi-deniable encryption can achieve secret communications in the situation that both sender and receiver are coerced by the coercer. So, we propose to design a bi-deniable encryption scheme under the multi-distribution model. In our bi-deniable encryption scheme, we construct a bi-deniable encryption scheme based on the assumption of Decision-Learning With Errors (DLWE) under the multi-distribution model. Firstly, the principle of Inner Product Predicate Encryption (IPPE) is applied in our scheme. Secondly, we apply the framework of Bi-Translucent Set (BTS), combined with inner product predicate encryption. Thirdly, we construct a series of probabilistic polynomial time algorithms, which apply linear transformation between different lattice structures, and Regev dual encryption. Fourthly, the statistical indistinguishability between the sampling algorithm with discrete Gaussian sampling algorithm, and the computational indistinguishability between LWE’s ciphertext samples with uniform samples, the property of indistinguishability is applied in theorem proving, which obtain Indistinguishability under Chosen Plaintext Attacks (IND-CPA) security and the property of bi-deniability. Given the value range of the Gaussian parameter and security parameter in our scheme, the correctness of the bi-deniable encryption scheme is guaranteed. We also give the security proof of IND-CPA and bi-deniability’s property by a series of games. The ‘Inner-Product Bi-Translucent Set’ Bi-Deniable Encryption scheme under the multi-distribution model is based on Decision-LWE assumption, and can avoid quantum-resistant attacks. The bi-deniable encryption scheme is firstly constructed by the inner product with the Decision-LWE assumption, which can provide better properties of security and deniability.
Deniable encryption is an intriguing scheme against the problem of information leakage caused by adversary coercion. Previously proposed deniable schemes cannot resist the attack of quantum computers and there are few implementations of these schemes. Aiming at this problem, a deniable encryption scheme based on learning with errors (LWE) and related implementations were proposed. The scheme can resist the quantum attack, and also can deny the plaintext to any fake plaintext, so that the sender can resist the adversary’s coercive attack. Firstly, by using the indistinguishability of the LWE problem, a subset with low density named “translucent set” was constructed in a uniform space. The “translucent set” was used to construct the ciphertexts of bits 0 and 1, which enabled one-way deniability of a single bit and reduced the error rate. Then, a plaintext coding method was proposed to realize two-way deniability of a single bit so that the sender could deny the original plaintext to any fake plaintext. The theoretical analyses were given to show the deniability, security (IND–CPA), correctness, complexity and ciphertext expansion rate of the scheme. Finally, the scheme was implemented by C++, and experiments had been done for the error rate, ciphertext expansion rate, encryption and decryption efficiency. The experimental results showed that the error rate and ciphertext expansion rate were consistent with the theoretical results. Compared with other deniable schemes based on the quadratic residual problem, the proposed scheme has obvious advantages in anti-quantum attack, efficiency and ciphertext expansion rate. Specifically, the encryption efficiency is improved by 70%, and the ciphertext expansion rate is reduced to 1/3 of above schemes.