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Fiber-Optic Quantum Seal.

Junji Urayama

Published Nov 3, 2023• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

We report on our development of the fiber-optic quantum seal (FOQS) which will provide highsensitivity detection capabilities for tamper events at bulk storage facilities to enhance safeguards verification efforts.Long-term verification of critical assets in storage facilities for the containment and surveillance mission area must provide material accountancy with assurance of security and continuity of knowledge.As a part of this effort, future monitoring systems may incorporate networked sensors to perform status checks on individual or collection of containers.FOQC enhances current practices by making use of quantum optical probes to enable channel integrity checks and sensor data authentication.Encoded light pulses in the fiber channels will monitor for intrusions while decoding of these pulses will provide data authentication.FOQS consists of an interferometric quantum transceiver which transmits randomly encoded packets of photons over a fiber loop used to seal a container.These photon packets return to the receiver to be decoded for amplitude and phase information.Comparisons of the transmit and receive signals allow for the characterization of the channel.If the comparison shows high degree of correlation, channel integrity and authentication are deemed true, while a lack of correlation triggers an intrusion alarm.The key advantage that FOQS has is that the quantum probes are governed by the uncertainty principle which prevents the intruder from attacking the channel without leaving a trace.This trace will be used to detect the attack attempt.Experimental work will be discussed for the seal development, and theoretical analysis for enhanced security will be presented in the hypothesis-test framework.

Related papers

Fiber-Optic Quantum Seal For Safeguards.

Junji Urayama

We report new results on our development of the fiber-optic quantum seal (FOQS) which will provide high-sensitivity tamper detection capabilities at nuclear facilities to enhance safeguards verification efforts.Long-term verification of critical assets in storage facilities for containment and surveillance must provide material accountancy with continuity of knowledge.As a part of this effort, FOQC will enhance current practices by making use of quantum optical probes to enable fiber-channel integrity checks and sensor data authentication.FOQS consists of an interferometric quantum transceiver which transmits randomly encoded packets of photons over an optical fiber loop used to seal a container.These photon packets return to the receiver to be decoded for field quadrature information.Comparisons of the transmit and receive signals allow for the characterization of the channel.If the comparison shows high degree of correlation, channel integrity and authentication are deemed true, while a lack of correlation triggers an intrusion alarm.The key advantage of the FOQS is that the quantum probes are governed by the uncertainty principle which prevents the intruder from attacking the channel without leaving a trace.We present new results obtained in years two and three of this project, including improvements in the experimental system, automated numerical analysis of obtained experimental data, and extended theoretical analysis of the FOQS sensitivity under realistic conditions.These capabilities increase seal sensitivity and enables detection of data falsification attacks.SNL is managed and operated by NTESS under DOE NNSA contract DE-NA0003525.SAND2022-XXXX C.

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Single photon fiber optic sensor in detection of fiber optic telecommunication line tapping

Łukasz Olszewski, M. Życzkowski, M. Szustakowski +2 more

This article presents the single photon fiber optic sensor for detecting interferences of the transmission line. With the growing popularity of the use of fiber optic communication systems, there is a need to protect transmission lines against unauthorized interference and data interception. Classical Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) allows to transfer quantum key and interrupt transmission when it detects interference. The use of proven as safe protocols BB84 in conjunction with currently used encryption techniques provide better data safety. However, due to lack of evidence on the safety of transmission using commercial QKD systems, their apply to the protection of classified information is currently impossible. Support these assumptions are carried out so far successful attacks on QKD systems. These statements do not mean impossibility of implementing these systems for the protection of classified information in the future. Our team proposes a solution consisting in transmitting information in fiber optic track with simultaneous implementation of a single photon sensor, developmentally impaired with the location of the interference place. The greatest yield of this method is to detect the intruder, who is unaware of its detection. To optimize and accelerate the testing, a simulation program that allows you to adjust the operating parameters of the sensor system and verification of performance of laboratory systems has been developed. Execution of simulation, helps in the selection of appropriate elements of the actual configuration and in comparison to obtained results. This work contains the results of the test operation of the system for disorders of mechanical and manual as well as performed simulations.

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Sep 2, 2016•0 citations
We report on our development of the fiber-optic quantum seal (FOQS) which will provide highsensitivity detection capabilities for tamper events at bulk storage facilities to enhance safeguards verification efforts.Long-term verification of critical assets in storage facilities for the containment and surveillance mission area must provide material accountancy with assurance of security and continuity of knowledge.As a part of this effort, future monitoring systems may incorporate networked sensors to perform status checks on individual or collection of containers.FOQC enhances current practices by making use of quantum optical probes to enable channel integrity checks and sensor data authentication.Encoded light pulses in the fiber channels will monitor for intrusions while decoding of these pulses will provide data authentication.FOQS consists of an interferometric quantum transceiver which transmits randomly encoded packets of photons over a fiber loop used to seal a container.These photon packets return to the receiver to be decoded for amplitude and phase information.Comparisons of the transmit and receive signals allow for the characterization of the channel.If the comparison shows high degree of correlation, channel integrity and authentication are deemed true, while a lack of correlation triggers an intrusion alarm.The key advantage that FOQS has is that the quantum probes are governed by the uncertainty principle which prevents the intruder from attacking the channel without leaving a trace.This trace will be used to detect the attack attempt.Experimental work will be discussed for the seal development, and theoretical analysis for enhanced security will be presented in the hypothesis-test framework.
We report new results on our development of the fiber-optic quantum seal (FOQS) which will provide high-sensitivity tamper detection capabilities at nuclear facilities to enhance safeguards verification efforts.Long-term verification of critical assets in storage facilities for containment and surveillance must provide material accountancy with continuity of knowledge.As a part of this effort, FOQC will enhance current practices by making use of quantum optical probes to enable fiber-channel integrity checks and sensor data authentication.FOQS consists of an interferometric quantum transceiver which transmits randomly encoded packets of photons over an optical fiber loop used to seal a container.These photon packets return to the receiver to be decoded for field quadrature information.Comparisons of the transmit and receive signals allow for the characterization of the channel.If the comparison shows high degree of correlation, channel integrity and authentication are deemed true, while a lack of correlation triggers an intrusion alarm.The key advantage of the FOQS is that the quantum probes are governed by the uncertainty principle which prevents the intruder from attacking the channel without leaving a trace.We present new results obtained in years two and three of this project, including improvements in the experimental system, automated numerical analysis of obtained experimental data, and extended theoretical analysis of the FOQS sensitivity under realistic conditions.These capabilities increase seal sensitivity and enables detection of data falsification attacks.SNL is managed and operated by NTESS under DOE NNSA contract DE-NA0003525.SAND2022-XXXX C.
Verifying the integrity of a tamper-indicating seal is crucial in surveillance and containment technologies, as an intruder may try to hide a breach. Seals based on the no-cloning principle of quantum mechanics offer an unprecedented level of security. By monitoring the entanglement of transmitted photon pairs, the authors detect intrusion attempts with 99.99% probability, and just a 10−9{}^{-9}−9 chance for a false alarm. In contrast, any conventional optical system would fail this test completely.
The physical layer describes how communication signals are encoded and transmitted across a channel. Physical security often requires either restricting access to the channel or performing periodic manual inspections. In this tutorial, we describe how the field of quantum communication offers new techniques for securing the physical layer. We describe the use of quantum seals as a unique way to test the integrity and authenticity of a communication channel and to provide security for the physical layer. We present the theoretical and physical underpinnings of quantum seals including the quantum optical encoding used at the transmitter and the test for non-locality used at the receiver. We describe how the envisioned quantum physical sublayer senses tampering and how coordination with higher protocol layers allows quantum seals to influence secure routing or tailor data management methods. We conclude by discussing challenges in the development of quantum seals, the overlap with existing quantum key distribution cryptographic services, and the relevance of a quantum physical sublayer to the future of communication security.
This article presents the single photon fiber optic sensor for detecting interferences of the transmission line. With the growing popularity of the use of fiber optic communication systems, there is a need to protect transmission lines against unauthorized interference and data interception. Classical Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) allows to transfer quantum key and interrupt transmission when it detects interference. The use of proven as safe protocols BB84 in conjunction with currently used encryption techniques provide better data safety. However, due to lack of evidence on the safety of transmission using commercial QKD systems, their apply to the protection of classified information is currently impossible. Support these assumptions are carried out so far successful attacks on QKD systems. These statements do not mean impossibility of implementing these systems for the protection of classified information in the future. Our team proposes a solution consisting in transmitting information in fiber optic track with simultaneous implementation of a single photon sensor, developmentally impaired with the location of the interference place. The greatest yield of this method is to detect the intruder, who is unaware of its detection. To optimize and accelerate the testing, a simulation program that allows you to adjust the operating parameters of the sensor system and verification of performance of laboratory systems has been developed. Execution of simulation, helps in the selection of appropriate elements of the actual configuration and in comparison to obtained results. This work contains the results of the test operation of the system for disorders of mechanical and manual as well as performed simulations.