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Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies

Secrecy satellite‐terrestrial downlink transmissions against randomly located eavesdroppers

Haowei Wu, Fengjiao Huang, Pei Xiao, Ke Fang, Jinglan Ou

Published Nov 18, 2022• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract The satellite‐terrestrial downlink transmissions with larger coverage areas face more severe security challenges than terrestrial cellular communications due to the limitation of the satellite's power and the complexity of the channel. In this paper, the system model consists of one satellite, one legitimate user and multiple randomly distributed eavesdroppers while taking into account practical hardware impairments (HIs) at all transceivers involved. The Shadowed‐Rician fading model is adopted since it is a perfect fit for the satellite‐terrestrial channel. Besides, the full‐duplex (FD) operation is introduced in the destination where the receiver acquires the information signal and simultaneously emits the artificial noise (AN) to interfere with the nearby eavesdroppers. The maximal ratio combination scheme is applied to the destination to improve security. To facilitate evaluation of the effect of various parameters on the security performance, the closed‐form expressions of secrecy outage probability and ergodic secrecy capacity for the system are derived under the stochastic geometry framework. Finally, the simulation results show that the AN plays a pivotal role in improving the security performance, while the HIs can greatly deteriorate the performance, especially in the high transmit power regime. In addition, compared with the traditional half‐duplex receiver, the FD receiver have better security performance and can significantly alleviate the performance deterioration caused by HIs.

DOI
10.1002/ett.4686

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Abstract The satellite‐terrestrial downlink transmissions with larger coverage areas face more severe security challenges than terrestrial cellular communications due to the limitation of the satellite's power and the complexity of the channel. In this paper, the system model consists of one satellite, one legitimate user and multiple randomly distributed eavesdroppers while taking into account practical hardware impairments (HIs) at all transceivers involved. The Shadowed‐Rician fading model is adopted since it is a perfect fit for the satellite‐terrestrial channel. Besides, the full‐duplex (FD) operation is introduced in the destination where the receiver acquires the information signal and simultaneously emits the artificial noise (AN) to interfere with the nearby eavesdroppers. The maximal ratio combination scheme is applied to the destination to improve security. To facilitate evaluation of the effect of various parameters on the security performance, the closed‐form expressions of secrecy outage probability and ergodic secrecy capacity for the system are derived under the stochastic geometry framework. Finally, the simulation results show that the AN plays a pivotal role in improving the security performance, while the HIs can greatly deteriorate the performance, especially in the high transmit power regime. In addition, compared with the traditional half‐duplex receiver, the FD receiver have better security performance and can significantly alleviate the performance deterioration caused by HIs.
The issues of the physical layer security are studied, where one transmitter (Alice), one full‐duplex (FD) legitimate receiver (Bob) and one multi‐antenna jammer (Charlie) are considered to defend against multiple passive and non‐colluding eavesdroppers (Eves), for multiple‐input multiple‐output wiretap channels. With the assumption that the complete channel state information (CSI) for main channels and the statistical CSI for Eves' channels are available, an improved secrecy transmission design is proposed to minimise the secrecy outage probability (SOP), under the minimum secrecy rate requirement. In addition to integrating artificial noise aided transmit beamforming and multi‐antenna cooperative jammer to impair Eves' channels, which is widely used in many existing works, a FD legitimate receiver is applied together to further enhance physical layer security. Based on the basic probability theory and convex optimisation, the accurate closed‐form expression of the SOP is derived, and the impacts on secrecy performance are described, including the qualities of main channels, the Alice's transmit power and the number of Eves. Numerical results show that the proposed scheme using the FD Bob can significantly enhance the system security, as compared with that employing the half‐duplex Bob.
This paper investigates the physical layer security (PLS) for the transmission of confidential information over satellite communication systems under unified framework. The generalized shadowed-Rician (SR) fading is utilized to model the satellite channel, and multiple legitimate users are served to cooperatively receive the broadcast signal with a cluster of unauthorized eavesdroppers. In particular, the channel estimation error (CEE) is considered for both the legitimate user and eavesdropping links. Based on the practical channel modeling, we derive the closed-form expressions for the probability of strictly positive secrecy capacity (PSPSC), secrecy outage probability (SOP), and average secrecy capacity (ASC) of the considered satellite communication system in the presence of imperfect channel estimation (ICE), which can provide efficient methods to evaluate the impacts of various propagation parameters on the secrecy performance. In order to obtain further insights into the key parameters on the secrecy performance at high signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), the asymptotic expressions of the SOP and ASC are also derived. Monte Carlo simulation results are provided to verify the correctness of our performance analysis.
Summary This paper considers a full‐duplex (FD) secure transmission scheme with aid of the artificial noise deployed at both transmitter and receiver under imperfect self‐interference cancellation. The expressions of secrecy and connection outage probabilities are derived, and hence, the secrecy throughput of the proposed scheme is evaluated. The results show that the performance of the proposed FD scheme outperforms that of conventional half‐duplex and FD receiver schemes in terms of the secrecy outage probability. In addition, the proposed FD scheme can achieve high secrecy throughput under various locations of the eavesdropper. Especially when the eavesdropper is located close to the transmitter, the secrecy throughput of the proposed FD scheme is nearly double that of the half‐duplex scheme with artificial noise injection while that of the scheme with FD jamming receiver goes to zero.
We analyze the secrecy outage probability in the downlink for wireless networks with spatially (Poisson) distributed eavesdroppers (EDs) under the assumption that the base station employs transmit antenna selection (TAS) to enhance secrecy performance. We compare the cases, where the receiving user equipment (UE) operates in half-duplex (HD) mode and full-duplex (FD) mode. In the latter case, the UE simultaneously receives the intended downlink message and transmits a jamming signal to strengthen secrecy. We investigate two models of (semi)passive eavesdropping: 1) EDs act independently and 2) EDs collude to intercept the transmitted message. For both of these models, we obtain expressions for the secrecy outage probability in the downlink for the HD and FD UE operation. The expressions for the HD systems have very accurate approximate or exact forms in terms of elementary and/or special functions for all path loss exponents. Those related to the FD systems have exact integral forms for general path loss exponents, while exact closed forms are given for specific exponents. A closed-form approximation is also derived for the FD case with colluding EDs. The resulting analysis shows that the reduction in the secrecy outage probability is logarithmic in the number of antennas used for TAS and identifies conditions, under which HD operation should be used instead of FD jamming at the UE. These performance trends and exact relations between system parameters can be used to develop adaptive power allocation and duplex operation methods in practice. Examples of such techniques are alluded to herein.
This work investigates the physical layer secrecy of a multi-antenna hybrid satellite-terrestrial relay networks (HSTRN) with jamming, in which a satellite aims to make communication with a destination user by means of a relay, along with spatially random eavesdroppers.In order to weaken the signals of eavesdroppers, the conventional relay can also generate intentional interference, besides forwarding the received signal.Shadowed-Rician fading is adopted in satellite link, while Rayleigh fading is adopted in terrestrial link, eavesdropper link and jamming link.The analytical and asymptotic formulas for the system secrecy outage probability (SOP) are characterized.Practical insights on the diversity order of the network are revealed according to the asymptotic behavior of SOP at high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regime.Then, analysis of the system throughput is examined to assess the secrecy performance.In the end, numerical simulation results are presented to validate the theoretical analysis and point out: (1) The secrecy performance of the considered network is affected by the channel fading scenario, the system configuration; (2) Decrease of the relay coverage airspace can provide better SOP performance; (3) Jamming from the relay can improve secrecy performance without additional network resources.
This paper deals with a secure satellite-terrestrial multicast framework over shadowed Rician fading channel, where a satellite communicates with legitimate receivers in the appearance of several eavesdroppers. Our main aim focuses on the protection of this multicast messages from wiretapping. The secrecy performance is analyzed by deriving expressions for two secrecy measures such as the ergodic secrecy multicast capacity and secure outage probability for multicasting in closed-form. The derived mathematical expressions provides an useful insight into how the severity of shadowing affects the secrecy performance of the proposed model. Impact of fading, multicast users and number of eavesdropper on the secure outage behavior is also quantified which provides a trade-off between security and the system parameters. At last a close agreement between the analytical and Monte-Carlo simulation results is presented to validate the derived mathematical expressions.