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Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials

Entanglement emerges from dissipation-driven quantum self-organization

Zhi‐Bo Yang, Yi‐Pu Wang, Jie Li, Chang‐Sheng Hu, J.Q. You

Published Nov 1, 2022• 10 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.jmmm.2022.170139

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Entanglement is a holistic property of multipartite quantum systems, which is accompanied by the establishment of nonclassical correlations between subsystems. Most entanglement mechanisms can be described by a coherent interaction Hamiltonian, and entanglement develops over time. In other words, the generation of entanglement has a time arrow. Dissipative structure theory directs the evolving time arrow of a non-equilibrium system. By dissipating energy to the environment, the system establishes order out of randomness. This is also referred to as self-organization. Here, we explore a new mechanism to create entanglement, utilizing the wisdom of dissipative structure theory in quantum systems. The entanglement between subsystems can emerge via the dissipation-structured correlation. This method requires a non-equilibrium initial state and cooperative dissipation, which can be implemented in a variety of waveguide-coupled quantum systems.
Finding principles of nonequilibrium self-organization in dissipative quantum systems is an open problem. One example is the notion of quantum dissipative adaptation (QDA), that relates the transition probability between the ground states of a quantum system to the nonequilibrium work absorbed during the transition. However, QDA was originally derived with three-level systems in lambda (Λ) configuration. Here, we consider a two-qubit model driven by single-photon pulses. We find that the absorbed work is generally related to the sum of Λ-type transition probabilities, instead of the direct transition probability between the two ground states. Although this is equivalent to standard QDA in most scenarios, we find an exception whereby optimal self-organization is not accompanied by maximum work consumption. We show how quantum coherence leaves this kind of imprint in the energetics of self-organization in the present model.