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Nature Photonics

Readout-efficient superconducting nanowire single-photon imager with orthogonal time–amplitude multiplexing by hotspot quantization

Ling-Dong Kong, Hui Wang, Qingyuan Zhao, Jiawei Guo, Yang‐Hui Huang, Hao Hao, Shi Chen, Xuecou Tu, Labao Zhang, Xiaoqing Jia, Lin Kang, Jian Chen, Peiheng Wu

Published Oct 27, 2022• 31 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1038/s41566-022-01089-6

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We propose an efficient multiplexing technique for superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors based on an orthogonal detector bias switching method enabling the extraction of the average count rate of a set of detectors by one readout line. We implemented a system prototype where the SNSPDs are connected to an integrated cryogenic readout and a pulse merger system based on rapid single flux quantum (RSFQ) electronics. We discuss the general scalability of this concept, analyze the environmental requirements which define the resolvability and the accuracy and demonstrate the feasibility of this approach with experimental results for a SNSPD array with four pixels.
Integrated arrays of Superconducting Nanowire Single Photon Detectors (SNSPDs) have shown capabilities such as Photon Number Resolution, single photon imaging and coincidences detection, and can be effectively used also in other different applications related to quantum optics. The growing complexity of such applications requires the use of multiplexing schemes for the simultaneous readout of different detectors. A simple multiplexing scheme can be realized by arranging a series of SNSPDs elements, shunted by appropriate resistances. The goal of this work is to investigate and optimize this scheme, developing a general method able to identify the optimal sets of shunting resistences for any different application. The methodology obtained is very general, and can be extended to other detection systems.