Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Physics World

NIST selects ‘post-quantum’ encryptions

Martijn Boerkamp

Published Sep 1, 2022• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has selected four algorithms that will be developed as post-quantum encryption standards to protect data from a future quantum computer attack.
DOI
10.1088/2058-7058/35/08/16

Related papers

QUANTUM COMPUTERS AND POST-QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY

Classical computers use bits, whilst quantum computers use quantum bits (qubits).Quantum computers can perform tasks that classical computers are unable to perform.When ideal quantum computers are developed, they will be a serious threat to current encryption systems.This has prompted the development of post-quantum cryptography.The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have selected four post-quantum algorithms.Three employ lattice-based cryptography, whilst one employs hash-based cryptography.Although recent attacks on lattice-based cryptography mean that the post-quantum algorithms of the future are uncertain.

International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science•Aug 14, 2024•0 citations

QUANTUM COMPUTERS AND POST-QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY

Classical computers use bits, whilst quantum computers use quantum bits (qubits).Quantum computers can perform tasks that classical computers are unable to perform.When ideal quantum computers are developed, they will be a serious threat to current encryption systems.This has prompted the development of post-quantum cryptography.The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have selected four post-quantum algorithms.Three employ lattice-based cryptography, whilst one employs hash-based cryptography.Although recent attacks on lattice-based cryptography mean that the post-quantum algorithms of the future are uncertain.

International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science•Jul 23, 2024•0 citations

Illuminating the Path of Post-Quantum Cryptographic Protocols: A Survey of some Recent Literatures

Alvary Kefas Kwala, Alpna Mishra, Shri Kant

Abstract The imminent threat posed by quantum computers to modern public key cryptography has spurred the development of post-quantum cryptography (PQC) algorithms. Over the last two decades, the field of PQC research has thrived, yielding a diverse range of algorithms resilient against quantum attacks. These PQC algorithms are undergoing selection and standardization by prominent bodies ; such as National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). However, the challenge remains substantial, given the monumental task of migrating numerous new devices to PQC algorithms. This complex, multi-decade transition from classical cryptography to PQC, necessitates careful survey of research articles to consider the current post quantum cryptographic schemes, and key protective strategies against quantum threats, implementation feasibility, compliance and challenges of implementations. This will provide insight and future directions for new researchers and organizations. .

•Nov 6, 2023•0 citations

NIST publishes new encryption standards

Michael G. Banks

A set of encryption algorithms that are designed to withstand hacking attempts by a quantum computer has been released by the US National Institute of Standards and Technology.

Physics World•Sep 1, 2024•1 citation

Selection of Post-Quantum Cryptography Algorithms for Standardization and Assessment of Their Security

S. Yu. Mikhnevich, P. I. Hladun

The process of selecting post-quantum cryptography algorithms for standardization based on parameters proposed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is described. The resistance of post-quantum cryptography algorithms to attacks by classical and quantum computers is assessed, taking into account their specific features. The different numbers of operations for attacks by quantum and classical computers are substantiated. The parallelization potential of post-quantum cryptography algorithms is analyzed. It is noted that, despite the proposed use of quantum computers, the primary goal of cryptography is the application of algorithms based on problems that are not reducible to problems of P-class complexity.

Doklady BGUIR•Dec 25, 2025•0 citations

Status report on the third round of the NIST post-quantum cryptography standardization process

Maryna V. Yesina, Ye.V. Ostrianska, І.Д. Горбенко

In recent years, there has been steady progress in the creation of quantum computers. If large-scale quantum computers are implemented, they will threaten the security of many widely used public-key cryptosystems. Key-establishment schemes and digital signatures based on factorization, discrete logarithms, and elliptic curve cryptography will be most affected. Symmetric cryptographic primitives such as block ciphers and hash functions will be broken only slightly. As a result, there has been an intensification of research on finding public-key cryptosystems that would be secure against cryptanalysts with both quantum and classical computers. This area is often called post-quantum cryptography (PQC), or sometimes quantum-resistant cryptography. The goal is to design schemes that can be deployed in existing communication networks and protocols without significant changes. The National Institute of Standards and Technology is in the process of selecting one or more public-key cryptographic algorithms through an open competition. New public-key cryptography standards will define one or more additional digital signatures, public-key encryption, and key-establishment algorithms. It is assumed that these algorithms will be able to protect confidential information well in the near future, including after the advent of quantum computers. After three rounds of evaluation and analysis, NIST has selected the first algorithms that will be standardized as a result of the PQC standardization process. The purpose of this article is to review and analyze the state of NIST's post-quantum cryptography standardization evaluation and selection process. The article summarizes each of the 15 candidate algorithms from the third round and identifies the algorithms selected for standardization, as well as those that will continue to be evaluated in the fourth round of analysis. Although the third round is coming to an end and NIST will begin developing the first PQC standards, standardization efforts in this area will continue for some time. This should not be interpreted as meaning that users should wait to adopt post-quantum algorithms. NIST looks forward to the rapid implementation of these first standardized algorithms and will issue future guidance on the transition. The transition will undoubtedly have many complexities, and there will be challenges for some use cases such as IoT devices or certificate transparency.

Radiotekhnika•Sep 28, 2022•48 citations
Classical computers use bits, whilst quantum computers use quantum bits (qubits).Quantum computers can perform tasks that classical computers are unable to perform.When ideal quantum computers are developed, they will be a serious threat to current encryption systems.This has prompted the development of post-quantum cryptography.The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have selected four post-quantum algorithms.Three employ lattice-based cryptography, whilst one employs hash-based cryptography.Although recent attacks on lattice-based cryptography mean that the post-quantum algorithms of the future are uncertain.
Classical computers use bits, whilst quantum computers use quantum bits (qubits).Quantum computers can perform tasks that classical computers are unable to perform.When ideal quantum computers are developed, they will be a serious threat to current encryption systems.This has prompted the development of post-quantum cryptography.The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have selected four post-quantum algorithms.Three employ lattice-based cryptography, whilst one employs hash-based cryptography.Although recent attacks on lattice-based cryptography mean that the post-quantum algorithms of the future are uncertain.
Abstract The imminent threat posed by quantum computers to modern public key cryptography has spurred the development of post-quantum cryptography (PQC) algorithms. Over the last two decades, the field of PQC research has thrived, yielding a diverse range of algorithms resilient against quantum attacks. These PQC algorithms are undergoing selection and standardization by prominent bodies ; such as National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). However, the challenge remains substantial, given the monumental task of migrating numerous new devices to PQC algorithms. This complex, multi-decade transition from classical cryptography to PQC, necessitates careful survey of research articles to consider the current post quantum cryptographic schemes, and key protective strategies against quantum threats, implementation feasibility, compliance and challenges of implementations. This will provide insight and future directions for new researchers and organizations. .
The process of selecting post-quantum cryptography algorithms for standardization based on parameters proposed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is described. The resistance of post-quantum cryptography algorithms to attacks by classical and quantum computers is assessed, taking into account their specific features. The different numbers of operations for attacks by quantum and classical computers are substantiated. The parallelization potential of post-quantum cryptography algorithms is analyzed. It is noted that, despite the proposed use of quantum computers, the primary goal of cryptography is the application of algorithms based on problems that are not reducible to problems of P-class complexity.
In recent years, there has been steady progress in the creation of quantum computers. If large-scale quantum computers are implemented, they will threaten the security of many widely used public-key cryptosystems. Key-establishment schemes and digital signatures based on factorization, discrete logarithms, and elliptic curve cryptography will be most affected. Symmetric cryptographic primitives such as block ciphers and hash functions will be broken only slightly. As a result, there has been an intensification of research on finding public-key cryptosystems that would be secure against cryptanalysts with both quantum and classical computers. This area is often called post-quantum cryptography (PQC), or sometimes quantum-resistant cryptography. The goal is to design schemes that can be deployed in existing communication networks and protocols without significant changes. The National Institute of Standards and Technology is in the process of selecting one or more public-key cryptographic algorithms through an open competition. New public-key cryptography standards will define one or more additional digital signatures, public-key encryption, and key-establishment algorithms. It is assumed that these algorithms will be able to protect confidential information well in the near future, including after the advent of quantum computers. After three rounds of evaluation and analysis, NIST has selected the first algorithms that will be standardized as a result of the PQC standardization process. The purpose of this article is to review and analyze the state of NIST's post-quantum cryptography standardization evaluation and selection process. The article summarizes each of the 15 candidate algorithms from the third round and identifies the algorithms selected for standardization, as well as those that will continue to be evaluated in the fourth round of analysis. Although the third round is coming to an end and NIST will begin developing the first PQC standards, standardization efforts in this area will continue for some time. This should not be interpreted as meaning that users should wait to adopt post-quantum algorithms. NIST looks forward to the rapid implementation of these first standardized algorithms and will issue future guidance on the transition. The transition will undoubtedly have many complexities, and there will be challenges for some use cases such as IoT devices or certificate transparency.