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Heliyon

Scattering of relativistic spinless particles within the Feshbach-Villars formalism

YASSINE CHARGUI, A. Dhahbi, A.R. Karam

Published Oct 1, 2022• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We consider the relativistic quantum scattering of spinless particles in one-spatial dimension using the Feshbach-Villars formalism. We construct the general form of the scattering matrix, for symmetric and non-symmetric potentials, based on the symmetry properties of the Feshbach-Villars equation. Then, since in one dimension there are only two partial waves associated with even and odd parities, we show, in a simple and comprehensive way, how to describe this transmission-reflection problem using partial-wave decomposition. As an illustration, we also discuss the special case of scattering by a symmetric square-well potential.

DOI
10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11215

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We consider the relativistic quantum scattering of spinless particles in one-spatial dimension using the Feshbach-Villars formalism. We construct the general form of the scattering matrix, for symmetric and non-symmetric potentials, based on the symmetry properties of the Feshbach-Villars equation. Then, since in one dimension there are only two partial waves associated with even and odd parities, we show, in a simple and comprehensive way, how to describe this transmission-reflection problem using partial-wave decomposition. As an illustration, we also discuss the special case of scattering by a symmetric square-well potential.
We study the partial-wave description of scattering of a particle from a one-dimensional potential in quantum mechanics. There are two partial waves, with even and odd parity. They are decoupled if the potential V(x) is symmetric, i.e., V(x)=V(−x). If V(x)≠V(−x), however, the two partial waves are coupled. This coupled-channel problem can be handled in terms of two eigenphases and a mixing parameter. This method enables us to shed new light on the transmission and reflection probabilities at threshold.
Analytical Solutions of One-Dimensional (1D1\mathcal{D}1D) Potentials for Spin-0 Particles via the Feshbach-Villars Formalism
We present a unified analytical and numerical study of the one-dimensional Feshbach--Villars (FV) equation for spin-0 particles in the presence of several representative external potentials. Starting from the FV formulation of the Klein--Gordon equation, we derive the corresponding one-dimensional master equation and analyse its solutions for Coulomb, power-exponential, Cornell, Pöschl--Teller, and Woods--Saxon interactions. For the singular Coulomb and Cornell cases, a Loudon-type cutoff regularisation is implemented on the full line, allowing a mathematically controlled treatment of the origin and an explicit classification of the states by parity. The Coulomb problem exhibits the expected near-degenerate even--odd structure in the cutoff limit, while the Cornell potential combines short-distance Coulomb behaviour with long-distance confinement and produces a finite set of bound states for fixed parameters. The power-exponential potential with p=1p=1p=1 is reduced to a Whittaker-type equation and yields an intrinsically relativistic spectrum with no standard Schrödinger bound-state limit in the parameter regime considered. For the smooth short-range Pöschl--Teller and Woods-Saxon potentials, the FV formalism reveals, respectively, the effects of definite parity and spatial asymmetry on the spectrum, wave functions, and particle--antiparticle mixing. In all cases, we reconstruct the full FV spinor, analyse the associated charge density, and compare the relativistic behaviour with the corresponding non-relativistic expectations whenever such a limit exists. The results provide a coherent set of analytical and numerical benchmarks for relativistic scalar bound states in one dimension.
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We discuss the scattering of relativistic spin zero particles by an infinitely long and arbitrarily thin solenoid. The exact solution of the first-quantized problem can be obtained as a mimic of the nonrelativistic case, either in the original Aharonov-Bohm way or by using the Berry magnetization scheme. The perturbative treatment is developed in the Feshbach-Villars two-component formalism for the Klein-Gordon equation and it is shown that it also requires renormalization as in the Schrödinger counterpart. The results are compared with those of the field theoretical approach, which corresponds to the two-body sector of the scalar Chern-Simons theory.
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