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Single-site-resolved detection and manipulation of atoms in an optical lattice

Marc Cheneau

Published Mar 20, 2011• 0 citations
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We report an experimental method to create optical lattices with real-time control of their periodicity. We demonstrate a continuous change of the lattice periodicity from 0.96 microm to 11.2 microm in one second, while the center fringe only moves less than 2.7 microm during the whole process. This provides a powerful tool for controlling ultracold atoms in optical lattices, where small spacing is essential for quantum tunneling, and large spacing enables single-site manipulation and spatially resolved detection.

arXiv:0803.2733•Optics Express•Apr 3, 2008•52 citations
Abstract We demonstrate single-site-resolved fluorescence imaging of ultracold 87Rb atoms in a triangular optical lattice by employing Raman sideband cooling. Combining a Raman transition at the D1 line and a photon scattering through an optical pumping of the D2 line, we obtain images with low background noise. The Bayesian optimisation of 11 experimental parameters for fluorescence imaging with Raman sideband cooling enables us to achieve single-atom detection with a high fidelity of (96.3 ± 1.3)%. Single-atom and single-site resolved detection in a triangular optical lattice paves the way for the direct observation of spin correlations or entanglement in geometrically frustrated systems.
At present, great effort is spent on the experimental realization of gauge fields for quantum many-body systems in optical lattices. At the same time, the single-site-resolved detection of individual atoms has become a new powerful experimental tool. We discuss a protocol for the single-site-resolved measurement of the current statistics of quantum many-body systems, which makes use of a bichromatic optical superlattice and single-site detection. We illustrate the protocol by a numerical study of the current statistics for interacting bosons in one and two dimensions and discuss the role of the on-site interactions for the current pattern and the ground-state symmetry for small two-dimensional lattices with artificial magnetic fields.
We report an experimental method to create optical lattices with real-time control of their periodicity. We demonstrate a continuous change of the lattice periodicity from 0.96 microm to 11.2 microm in one second, while the center fringe only moves less than 2.7 microm during the whole process. This provides a powerful tool for controlling ultracold atoms in optical lattices, where small spacing is essential for quantum tunneling, and large spacing enables single-site manipulation and spatially resolved detection.