Unlike the traditional one-to-one identity authentication, group identity authentication is group oriented and can authenticate all users belonging to the same group. In this paper, we propose a dynamic quantum-group authentication protocol. Using a special entangled state, i.e., the starlike cluster state, the quantum identity authentication center in a group can authenticate all users belonging to the same group. In addition, the protocol has the following characteristics. (1) The number of users participating in group authentication can change dynamically, i.e., new users are allowed to join group authentication, and the old users are allowed to exit group authentication. (2) When new users join or old users exit group authentication, the authentication keys of all the old users do not need to be redistributed. Compared with the existing quantum-group authentication protocols, the proposed protocol is more flexible and suitable in practical scenarios.
Unlike the traditional one-to-one identity authentication, group identity authentication is group oriented and can authenticate all users belonging to the same group. In this paper, we propose a dynamic quantum-group authentication protocol. Using a special entangled state, i.e., the starlike cluster state, the quantum identity authentication center in a group can authenticate all users belonging to the same group. In addition, the protocol has the following characteristics. (1) The number of users participating in group authentication can change dynamically, i.e., new users are allowed to join group authentication, and the old users are allowed to exit group authentication. (2) When new users join or old users exit group authentication, the authentication keys of all the old users do not need to be redistributed. Compared with the existing quantum-group authentication protocols, the proposed protocol is more flexible and suitable in practical scenarios.
Group Authenticated Key Exchange (GAKE) protocol can achieve authentication among multiple users within a group and facilitates the agreement on a consistent group key, which ensures the security of the transmission of data within the group. Society is entering the post-quantum era with the development of quantum computers, and traditional cryptographic algorithms used in existing group authenticated key exchange protocols may not be able to resist quantum attacks. Using the lattice-based key encapsulation mechanism Kyber, we have developed a post-quantum secure group key exchange protocol. The protocol incorporates dynamic joining and leaving phases for group users to ensure scalability, while also utilizing passwords for user authentication. Finally, we formally prove the security of the protocol and compare it with other lattice-based group authenticated key exchange protocols through simulation experiments, the results demonstrate that our protocol is more efficient.
This study proposes a two-party quantum identity authentication protocol that does not require the participation of a third party. The protocol can verify the user’s identity without exposing the authentication key information, and it can be implemented with a single-photon state, which does not involve entanglement, enabling it to be combined with existing technologies. The shared key is protected by the protocol and hidden during communication, and the security of the authentication scheme is analyzed and verified under general attack. Further analysis results indicate that this protocol is secure and efficient.
Abstract A dynamic quantum secret sharing protocol with authentication is proposed based on quantum walks. The protocol can share specific secrets and also update the secret information periodically based on the existing quantum walks structure. Participants can be added or removed while keeping the original secret unchanged. This is more flexible in practical applications. Before the secrets are shared, each participant is authenticated to ensure the legitimacy of all participants’ identities. In addition, the protocol uses single photons as quantum resources, avoiding the complex preparation of entangled states, which makes the protocol more advantageous and potential in practical applications. Security analyses show that the protocol is resistant to collusion attack and other common attacks.
Quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols are essential to guarantee information-theoretic security in quantum communication. Although there was some previous work on quantum group key distribution, they still face many challenges under a ``\textit{dynamic}'' group communication scenario. In particular, when the group keys need to be updated in real-time for each user joining or leaving to ensure secure communication properties, i.e., forward confidentiality and backward confidentiality. However, current protocols require a large amount of quantum resources to update the group keys, and this makes them impractical for handling large and dynamic communication groups. In this paper, we apply the notion of ``{\em tree key graph}'' to the quantum key agreement and propose two dynamic Quantum Group Key Agreement (QGKA) protocols for a join or leave request in group communications. In addition, we analyze the quantum resource consumption of our proposed protocols. The number of qubits required per join or leave only increases logarithmically with the group size. As a result, our proposed protocols are more practical and scalable for large and dynamic quantum group communications.
Although there are many quantum key agreement protocols currently in existence, they cannot be merged in terms of resource utilisation, efficiency, security, and other aspects, and there are also significant differences in the nature of two and more parties. Therefore, it is necessary to design a quantum key agreement protocol that can balance efficiency and security and is suitable for multiple participants. In view of this, this paper proposes a multi-party quantum key agreement protocol based on a new coding mode of bell state: temporary session keys are negotiated between adjacent participants, and then shared keys for all participants are negotiated through the exchange, conversion, and computation of quantum resources. During the implementation of the protocol, not only can the identity of the participants be authenticated, but also the quantum resources used are single, and the quantum operations performed are simple. Moreover, efficiency is fixed and does not decrease due to the increase of participants or quantum resources. In addition, the protocol also allows participants to dynamically join and leave. In terms of security, the protocol can resist most common quantum attacks. Under the existing quantum technology, this protocol is completely feasible.
Although there are many quantum key agreement protocols currently in existence, they cannot be merged in terms of resource utilisation, efficiency, security, and other aspects, and there are also significant differences in the nature of two and more parties. Therefore, it is necessary to design a quantum key agreement protocol that can balance efficiency and security and is suitable for multiple participants. In view of this, this paper proposes a multi-party quantum key agreement protocol based on a new coding mode of bell state: temporary session keys are negotiated between adjacent participants, and then shared keys for all participants are negotiated through the exchange, conversion, and computation of quantum resources. During the implementation of the protocol, not only can the identity of the participants be authenticated, but also the quantum resources used are single, and the quantum operations performed are simple. Moreover, efficiency is fixed and does not decrease due to the increase of participants or quantum resources. In addition, the protocol also allows participants to dynamically join and leave. In terms of security, the protocol can resist most common quantum attacks. Under the existing quantum technology, this protocol is completely feasible.