Key Quantum Algorithms

Song Yuan Yan

Kunal Meher, Divya Midhunchakkaravarthy

Many companies are working to build a powerful quantum computer.Once quantum computer with large qubits is reality, asymmetric-key cryptosystem will be vulnerable for Shor's algorithm.The transition from one cryptosystem to another is very slow process and consumes many years.National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is working on standardization of post-quantum cryptographic (PQC) algorithms.Security of current PQC algorithms cannot be fully verified today.So, in coming years we need to rely on both traditional algorithms and PQC algorithms.Hybrid mode consisting of one traditional algorithm and one post quantum algorithm is a best solution for smooth migration to quantum-safe cryptosystem.For key exchange, it means using two or more key exchange encapsulation algorithms for generating session key [Meher and Midhunchakkaravarthy (2019)].For authentication, it means using two or more digital signature algorithms [Meher and Midhunchakkaravarthy (2019)].There are number of approaches to combine secret key from traditional algorithm and PQC algorithm to make key encapsulation mechanism quantum-proof.In the paper we propose a new approach of using secret master key generated from one of the KEM algorithm as a salt for hashbased key derivation function (HKDF) to drive session keys from secret master key generated from another KEM algorithm.

Umesh V. Vazirani

Samer Saeed Issa

Quantum computation is a new field bridging many disciplines, including theoretical physics, functional analysis and group theory, electrical engineering, computer science, and quantum cryptography. The goal of this paper is to explore the base of quantum computation that serves to build up a secure algorithm for keys in the unsecured communication channel between two hosts (computers) by applying quantum key exchange algorithm which has highly guarantee protecting toward the computational complexity because the quantum key exchange algorithm is more complex in computation than the classical key exchange algorithm if it perform in classical computer. Also, this algorithm (key exchange algorithm) provides the ability to perform in quantum computer if will be available in future.

Hyun-Kyo Lim, Chankyun Lee, Wonhyuk Lee

In order to effectively utilize the costly quantum resource in the practical quantum-secured networking, we proposed lifetime-aware quantum key relay algorithm. The proposed algorithm calculates an end-to-end quantum key relay path, based on the combination of the lifetime and the number of quantum keys of links. In the practical condition, the proposed algorithm reduces 21% of blocking count of quantum-secured service, from that of the conventional key relay algorithm.

Umesh V. Vazirani