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High data rate atom interferometric device

Grant W. Biedermann

Published Jan 23, 2023• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

A light-pulse atomic interferometry (LPAI) apparatus is provided. The LPAI apparatus comprises a vessel, two sets of magnetic coils configured to magnetically confine an atomic vapor in two respective magneto-optical traps (MOTs) within the vessel when activated, and an optical system configured to irradiate the atomic vapor within the vessel with laser radiation that, when suitably tuned, can launch atoms previously confined in each of the MOTs toward the other MOT. In embodiments, the magnetic coils are configured to produce a magnetic field that is non-zero at the midpoint between the traps. In embodiments, the time-of-flight of the launched atoms from one MOT to the other is 12 ms or less. In embodiments, the MOTs are situated approximately 36 mm apart. In embodiments, the apparatus is configured to activate the magnetic coils according to a particular temporal magnetic field gradient profile.

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\n\tHigh flux of cold atoms is one of the key technologies to realize high;precision cold atom interferometer. The approach of concatenation of two;dimensional Magnetic Optical Trap (2D;MOT) and three;dimensional Magnetic Optical Trap (3D;MOT) is generally used to obtain high flux of cold atoms. The magnetic field distribution of 2D;MOT is the key influencing factor in this appliance. In this paper, three different(rectangular, race;track and saddle) mathematical models of Anti;Helmholtz coils in 2D;MOT were established to analyze the magnetic field distribution. Then, the magnetic field zero drift and the change of magnetic field gradient caused by the error of eccentricity, coils asymmetry, parallelism and inside diameter asymmetry were analyzed, which were produced in the manufacture and installation process using finite element analysis. Results show that the magnetic field gradient provided by saddle coils is more conducive to produce high flux of cold atoms when eccentricity error is less than 1.14 mm, coils asymmetry error is less than 0.016 A and parallelism error is less than 1.02°. This work may provide theoretical guidance for the design and fabrication of magnetic system of 2D;MOT of cold atom interferometer. © 2016, Editorial Board of Journal of Infrared and Laser Engineering. All right reserved.

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•Aug 1, 2022•1 citation
A light-pulse atomic interferometry (LPAI) apparatus is provided. The LPAI apparatus comprises a vessel, two sets of magnetic coils configured to magnetically confine an atomic vapor in two respective magneto-optical traps (MOTs) within the vessel when activated, and an optical system configured to irradiate the atomic vapor within the vessel with laser radiation that, when suitably tuned, can launch atoms previously confined in each of the MOTs toward the other MOT. In embodiments, the magnetic coils are configured to produce a magnetic field that is non-zero at the midpoint between the traps. In embodiments, the time-of-flight of the launched atoms from one MOT to the other is 12 ms or less. In embodiments, the MOTs are situated approximately 36 mm apart. In embodiments, the apparatus is configured to activate the magnetic coils according to a particular temporal magnetic field gradient profile.
An inertial sensing system includes a magneto-optical trap (MOT) that traps atoms within a specified trapping region. The system also includes a cooling laser that cools the trapped atoms so that the atoms remain within the specified region for a specified amount of time. The system further includes a light-pulse atom interferometer (LPAI) that performs an interferometric interrogation of the atoms to determine phase changes in the atoms. The system includes a controller that controls the timing of MOT and cooling laser operations, and controls the timing of interferometric operations to substantially recapture the atoms in the specified trapping region. The system includes a processor that determines the amount inertial movement of the inertial sensing system based on the determined phase changes in the atoms. Also, a method of inertial sensing using this inertial sensing system includes recapture of atoms within the MOT following interferometric interrogation by the LPAI.
\n\tHigh flux of cold atoms is one of the key technologies to realize high;precision cold atom interferometer. The approach of concatenation of two;dimensional Magnetic Optical Trap (2D;MOT) and three;dimensional Magnetic Optical Trap (3D;MOT) is generally used to obtain high flux of cold atoms. The magnetic field distribution of 2D;MOT is the key influencing factor in this appliance. In this paper, three different(rectangular, race;track and saddle) mathematical models of Anti;Helmholtz coils in 2D;MOT were established to analyze the magnetic field distribution. Then, the magnetic field zero drift and the change of magnetic field gradient caused by the error of eccentricity, coils asymmetry, parallelism and inside diameter asymmetry were analyzed, which were produced in the manufacture and installation process using finite element analysis. Results show that the magnetic field gradient provided by saddle coils is more conducive to produce high flux of cold atoms when eccentricity error is less than 1.14 mm, coils asymmetry error is less than 0.016 A and parallelism error is less than 1.02°. This work may provide theoretical guidance for the design and fabrication of magnetic system of 2D;MOT of cold atom interferometer. © 2016, Editorial Board of Journal of Infrared and Laser Engineering. All right reserved.
An atomic interferometric device useful, e.g., for measuring acceleration or rotation is provided. The device comprises at least one vapor cell containing a Raman-active chemical species, an optical system, and at least one detector. The optical system is conformed to implement a Raman pulse interferometer in which Raman transitions are stimulated in a warm vapor of the Raman-active chemical species. The detector is conformed to detect changes in the populations of different internal states of atoms that have been irradiated by the optical system.
This thesis deals with the reconstruction of a MOTRe- Mi apparatus, which represents the combination of a magneto-optical trap (MOT) and a Reaction Microscope (ReMi). With this setup an ultracold degenerate Fermi gas consisting of 6Li atoms will be generated and studied in future. Primarily the Li atoms will be vaporized, precooled in a Zeeman Slower, trapped and stored with the MOT at typical temperatures of a few 100 μK. Within the scope of this thesis initially the parameters of the Zeeman Slower were optimized. For this purpose the magnetic field profiles of the single coils were measured and the ideal coil currents determined. The efficiency and other properties of the Zeeman Slower were calculated with a simulation programme. The focus of this thesis was on planning and reconstructing the laser system and the optical setup for the magneto-optical trap. This included among others the adaptation of the laser frequencies from 7Li to 6Li and the integration of an additional amplifier in order to achieve a higher output power. Using the frequency stabilization scheme of a frequency offset lock ([SEG+99]) it is now possible to tune the laser frequency over a large range at a constant laser power. This is required on the one hand for the later transfer of the atoms to a dipole trap and on the other hand for the imaging of the atom cloud by light absorption at high magnetic fields. Finally the vacuum chamber and the Reaction microscope was baked out and activated at a vacuum of about 7 · 10-10 mbar.
In a cold atom interferometer, a bias magnetic field, usually generated by a solenoid or a set of coils, is used to select specific Raman transitions of atoms in the interference region, and its inhomogeneity leads to a Zeeman-effect-induced error for the measurement. To improve the measurement’s accuracy further, we propose a simple method to compensate for the non-uniformity of the bias field by reversing the direction and tuning the value of the current running through the pair of quadrupole coils used for magneto-optical trap (MOT). To smoothen the field with MOT coils, the current applied should be controlled timely and precisely, which was done with a fast-responding electric circuit we designed and built. We also used Raman spectroscopy to characterize the magnetic field profile without and with our method applied, which shows that the length of the homogeneous field (where the fluctuation of magnetic strength is less than 10%) is expanded from 81.87 mm to 101.64 mm. From our calculations, with the free evolution time T of 30 ms, the quadratic Zeeman-effect-induced phase shift Δϕzeeman can be reduced by 76%, which reduces the quadratic Zeeman-effect-induced error of measured gravity Δgzeeman to a quarter of that without our method applied (from 1.745 mGal to 0.418 mGal). Simulation and experiment prove that this method is effective. This method can also be used in other atom interferometers, especially compact systems.