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International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena

A Time-Domain Perspective of Quantum Electro-Optic Sampling

Stéphane Virally, Patrick Cusson, Denis V. Seletskiy

Published Jan 1, 2022• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The development of a fully time-domain perspective of electro-optic sampling provides insights into the geometry of the time-domain detector and outlines possible ways for quadrature sampling of quantum fields.
DOI
10.1364/up.2022.w4a.13

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A new theoretical framework to describe the experimental advances in electro-optic detection of broadband quantum states, specifically the quantum vacuum, is devised. Electro-optic sampling is a technique in ultrafast photonics which, when transferred into the quantum domain, can be utilized to resolve properties of a sampled quantum state via its interaction with a strong coherent probe pulse at ultrafast timescales. By making use of fundamental concepts from quantum field theory on spacetime metrics, the nonlinear interaction behind the electro-optic effect is shown to be equivalent to a stationary Unruh-DeWitt detector coupled to a conjugate field during a very short time interval. When the coupling lasts for a time interval comparable to the oscillation periods of the detected field mode (i.e., the subcycle regime), virtual particles inhabiting the field vacuum are transferred to the detector in the form of real excitation. We demonstrate that this behavior can be rigorously translated to the scenario of electro-optic sampling of the quantum vacuum, in which the (spectrally filtered) probe works as an Unruh-DeWitt detector, with its interaction-generated photons arising from virtual particles inhabiting the electromagnetic vacuum. Our analysis accurately encapsulates the quantum nature of the vacuum, and we propose the specific working regime in which we can experimentally verify the existence of virtual photons with quantum correlations in the electromagnetic ground state.