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Computación y Sistemas

Hybrid Quantum Genetic Algorithm for the 0-1 Knapsack Problem in the IBM Qiskit Simulator

Enrique Ballinas, Oscar Montiel

Published Jun 30, 2022• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this work, a novel Hybrid Quantum Genetic Algorithm (HQGA) for the 0-1 Knapsack Problem (KP) is presented. It is based on quantum computing principles, such as qubits, superposition, and entanglement of states. The HQGA was simulated in the Qiskit simulator. Qiskit simulator is a platform developed by IBM that allows working with quantum computers at the level of circuits, pulses, and algorithms. The performance of HQGA is evaluated in three strongly correlated KP data sets, and computational results are compared with a Quantum-Inspired Evolutionary Algorithm (QIEA), a modified version of a QIEA (QIEA-Q), and a modified version of the HQGA (HQGA-Q). Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed HQGA can obtain the best solutions in all the KP data sets, and performs well on robustness.

DOI
10.13053/cys-26-2-4253

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In this work, a novel Hybrid Quantum Genetic Algorithm (HQGA) for the 0-1 Knapsack Problem (KP) is presented. It is based on quantum computing principles, such as qubits, superposition, and entanglement of states. The HQGA was simulated in the Qiskit simulator. Qiskit simulator is a platform developed by IBM that allows working with quantum computers at the level of circuits, pulses, and algorithms. The performance of HQGA is evaluated in three strongly correlated KP data sets, and computational results are compared with a Quantum-Inspired Evolutionary Algorithm (QIEA), a modified version of a QIEA (QIEA-Q), and a modified version of the HQGA (HQGA-Q). Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed HQGA can obtain the best solutions in all the KP data sets, and performs well on robustness.
This paper proposes a new parallel evolutionary algorithm called parallel quantum-inspired genetic algorithm (PQGA). Quantum-inspired genetic algorithm (QGA) is based on the concept and principles of quantum computing such as qubits and superposition of states. Instead of binary, numeric, or symbolic representation, by adopting the qubit chromosome as a representation, QGA can represent a linear superposition of solutions due to its probabilistic representation. QGA is suitable for parallel structures because of rapid convergence and good global search capability. That is, QGA is able to possess the two characteristics of exploration and exploitation simultaneously. The effectiveness and the applicability of PQGA are demonstrated by experimental results on the knapsack problem, which is a well-known combinatorial optimization problem. The results show that PQGA is superior to QGA as well as other conventional genetic algorithms.
The development in the field of quantum computing gives us a significant edge over classical computing in terms of time and efficiency.This is particularly useful for NP-hard problems such as graph layout problems.Since many real world problems are effectively solved by genetic algorithm (GA) and the performance of GA highly depends upon the setting of its parameters, therefore this paper focuses on a Quantum Inspired Genetic Algorithm (QIGA) and develops and evaluates adaptive strategies for the same.QIGA adapts ideas of Q-bits, superposition of Q-bits from quantum computing.The effectiveness and the applicability of adaptive QIGA is demonstrated by experimental results on the benchmark Knapsack, Maxcut and Onemax combinatorial optimization problems.The results show that adaptive QIGA is superior to QIGAs.
This paper proposes a novel evolutionary computing method called a genetic quantum algorithm (GQA). GQA is based on the concept and principles of quantum computing such as qubits and superposition of states. Instead of binary, numeric, or symbolic representation, by adopting qubit chromosome as a representation GQA can represent a linear superposition of solutions due to its probabilistic representation. As genetic operators, quantum gates are employed for the search of the best solution. Rapid convergence and good global search capability characterize the performance of GQA. The effectiveness and the applicability of GQA are demonstrated by experimental results on the knapsack problem, which is a well-known combinatorial optimization problem. The results show that GQA is superior to other genetic algorithms using penalty functions, repair methods and decoders.
Quantum-Inspired Evolutionary Algorithm (QEA) has been shown to be better performing than classical Genetic Algorithm based evolutionary techniques for combinatorial optimization problems like 0/1 knapsack problem. QEA uses quantum computing-inspired representation of solution called Q-bit individual consisting of Q-bits. The probability amplitudes of the Q-bits are changed by application of Q-gate operator, which is classical analogous of quantum rotation operator. The Q-gate operator is the only variation operator used in QEA, which along with some problem specific heuristic provides exploitation of the properties of the best solutions. In this paper, we analyzed the characteristics of the QEA for 0/1 knapsack problem and showed that a probability in the range 0.3 to 0.4 for the application of the Q-gate variation operator has the greatest likelihood of making a good balance between exploration and exploitation. Experimental results agree with the analytical finding.
In this paper, a generalization of the original Quantum-Inspired Evolutionary Algorithm (QIEA): the Generalized Quantum-Inspired Evolutionary Algorithm (GQIEA) is proposed. Like QIEA, GQIEA is also based on the quantum computing principle of superposition of states, but extending it not only to be used for binary values {0, 1}, but for any finite set of values {1, n}. GQIEA, as any other quantum inspired evolutionary algorithm, defines an own quantum individual, an evaluation function and population operators. As in QIEA, GQIEA also defines a generalized Q-gate operator, which is a variation operator to drive the individuals toward better solutions. To demonstrate its effectiveness and applicability, the proposal will be applied to the Knapsack Problem (KP), a classic combinatorial optimization problem. Results show that GQIEA has a good performance even with a small population.
This paper proposes a novel evolutionary algorithm inspired by quantum computing, called a quantum-inspired evolutionary algorithm (QEA), which is based on the concept and principles of quantum computing, such as a quantum bit and superposition of states. Like other evolutionary algorithms, QEA is also characterized by the representation of the individual, evaluation function, and population dynamics. However, instead of binary, numeric, or symbolic representation, QEA uses a Q-bit, defined as the smallest unit of information, for the probabilistic representation and a Q-bit individual as a string of Q-bits. A Q-gate is introduced as a variation operator to drive the individuals toward better solutions. To demonstrate its effectiveness and applicability, experiments were carried out on the knapsack problem, which is a well-known combinatorial optimization problem. The results show that QEA performs well, even with a small population, without premature convergence as compared to the conventional genetic algorithm.