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International Conference on Electronic Packaging Technology (ICEPT)

Chip-Scale SERF Atomic Magnetometer Realized by Virtual Lock-in Amplifier

Gong Sun, Jintang Shang, Junming Wu, Jin Zhang, Wenqi Li, Jinfeng Zhang

Published Aug 10, 2022• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This paper presents a new design of a chip-scale atomic magnetometer based on Spin Exchange Relaxation Free (SERF) mechanism, which can easily expand the measurement channels. The lock-in amplifier used to detect the photoelectric signal is realized by the data acquisition board and the virtual instrument based on LabVIEW, which can extract the information of the signal from the input whose signal-to-noise ratio is not lower than 30dB. In order to ensure that the sensor works in the weak magnetic environment, the compensation curves in Y and Z directions are theoretically analyzed and experimentally verified. After completing the magnetic compensation, this system realizes the simultaneous acquisition of two photodiode signals, and the sensitivity of single channel magnetometer reaches 440 fT/√Hz at 20Hz. This paper provides a scheme for realizing the multi-channel atomic magnetometer.

DOI
10.1109/icept56209.2022.9872617

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This paper presents a new design of a chip-scale atomic magnetometer based on Spin Exchange Relaxation Free (SERF) mechanism, which can easily expand the measurement channels. The lock-in amplifier used to detect the photoelectric signal is realized by the data acquisition board and the virtual instrument based on LabVIEW, which can extract the information of the signal from the input whose signal-to-noise ratio is not lower than 30dB. In order to ensure that the sensor works in the weak magnetic environment, the compensation curves in Y and Z directions are theoretically analyzed and experimentally verified. After completing the magnetic compensation, this system realizes the simultaneous acquisition of two photodiode signals, and the sensitivity of single channel magnetometer reaches 440 fT/√Hz at 20Hz. This paper provides a scheme for realizing the multi-channel atomic magnetometer.
Abstract We display a single-beam triaxial spin-exchange relaxation-free (SERF) atomic magnetometer by utilizing two orthogonal transverse modulation fields perpendicular to the light. The magnetic field’s three-axis vector components can be extracted simultaneously and independently from the transmitted light by lock-in amplifiers with reference to the different demodulated frequencies. We find that the residual magnetic field is a significant factor that could affect triaxial coupling, and specially the influence of the z -axis remanence on xy -axis coupling is studied in detail. Under the optimal parameters, the three-axis sensitivities are 20 fT Hz − 1 / 2 in the x - and y - axis, and 230 fT Hz − 1 / 2 in the z -axis. Meanwhile, the three-axis bandwidths are 110 Hz, 138 Hz and 211 Hz in the x -, y - and z -axis, respectively. The proposed single-beam triaxial SERF atomic magnetometer could be used to construct a compact and low-cost atomic sensor that is particularly suitable for the vector measurement of the biomagnetic such as magnetoencephalography and magnetocardiography.
Atomic magnetometer operating in spin-exchange-relaxation-free (SERF) regime has a wide range of applications due to its ultra-high sensitivity. However, the requirement of operating in near-zero magnetic field restricts some of the applications which need the atomic magnetometer to work in the high field environment such as monitoring the magnetic anomalies. A novel scheme of the chip-scale SERF atomic magnetometer operating in geomagnetic field without magnetic shield is demonstrated here. A 18 bits high-precise digital-to-analog converter (DAC) is applied to ensure the stability of the compensated magnetic field. The fluctuation of the compensated magnetic field is less than 8.3nT and a measurement sensitivity of 12.4pT/Hz1/2 is achieved in the laboratory environment without any magnetic shields.
The spin-exchange-relaxation-free(SERF)atomic magnetometer with ultrahigh sensitive becomes the most effective measurement to analyze the component of the planet in space exploration.In order to improve the sensitivity of the SERF atomic magnetometer,we must avoid the influence on the SERF regime disturbed by environment magnetic field.In this paper we design an active compensation system based on in-situ magnetic measurement to compensate the magnetic disturbance.Firstly,we get the three-axis magnetic field information according to the measurement of pop-laser,then control the current of coil to generate a magnetic field which is opposite and equal to the disturbance,to keep the SERF regime.Finally,we validat the method with the atomic magnetometer experimental setup.The result shows that compared with the manual compensation method,the system can track the magnetic compensation point in real time,reduce the signal noise and compensate the magnetic disturbance successfully,validating the efficiency of the active compensation system and establishing the technique foundation of the production.
This paper introduces measurement of weak magnetic field using a novel design of chip-scale Spin Exchange Relaxation Free (SERF) atomic magnetometer based on a microfabricated Rubidium (Rb) vapor cell. The sensor, which integrates a micro-fabricated Rb vapor cell, a heater and related components, is fabricated by stacking printed circuit boards (PCB) and Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) process technology. During the experiments, the noise of the measurement using the atomic magnetometer was obtained. In addition, a test of the simulated magnetic field was performed in a shielding cylinder, and the signal of the simulated magnetic field about 100 pT at 1.2 Hz was measured. The signal is processed by the software using a notch filter to suppress the Direct Current (DC) noise and 50Hz noise. This paper provides a novel micro-fabricated device for detecting weak magnetic field.
Ultra-sensitive multi-channel optically pumped atomic magnetometers based on the spin-exchange relaxation-free (SERF) effect are powerful tools for applications in the field of magnetic imaging. To simultaneously achieve ultra-high spatial resolution and ultra-high magnetic field sensitivity, we proposed a high-resolution multi-channel SERF atomic magnetometer for two-dimensional magnetic field measurements based on a digital micro-mirror device (DMD) as the spatial light modulator for a single vapor cell. Under the optimal experimental conditions obtained via spatial and temporal modulation of the probe light, we first demonstrated that the average sensitivity of the proposed 25-channel magnetometer was approximately 25fT/Hz 1/2 with a spatial resolution of 216µm. Then, we measured the magnetic field distribution generated by a gradient coil and compared the experimentally obtained distributions with those calculated via finite element simulation. The obtained g value of 99.2% indicated good agreement between our experimental results and the theoretical calculations, thereby confirming that our proposed multi-channel SERF magnetometer was effective at measuring magnetic field distributions with an ultra-high spatial resolution.
Weak gradient magnetic field detection is significant. This paper presents a novel micro-fabricated spin-exchange-relaxation-free (SERF) atomic magnetometer for weak gradient magnetic field detection, and the atomic vapor cell is fabricated by micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS) technology. Compared to the single-channel magnetometer, the novel magnetometer's signal-to-noise ratio has increased by 3.63 times. The magnetic field gradient noise of the novel magnetometer reaches 45.33 fToHz-1/2ocm-1in the frequency range of 8 to 15 Hz, and the novel magnetometer has a CMRR (common mode rejection ratio) of 6.1. At the same time, the relationship between the magnitude of the magnetic field gradient and the peak of the dispersive signal has been verified, which provides an idea for the detection of weak gradient magnetic field.