Abstract We investigate numerically the security enhanced optical communication which can be used in smart grid, while the time-delay signature suppression, intelligent control and high quality communication are reached at the same time. In this paper, the communication system includes the driven part, national dispatching control centre (NDCC) and the controlled substations (CSs). To enhance the security of communication system, the driven part which includes two semiconductor lasers, is employed to suppress the time-delay signature. Also, the chaos synchronization between NDCC and different CSs can be selectively realized by controlling the injection parameters. Finally, the high quality communication between NDCC and CS1 is discussed. This research paves the way to the application of chaotic communication in smart grid.
Abstract We investigate numerically the security enhanced optical communication which can be used in smart grid, while the time-delay signature suppression, intelligent control and high quality communication are reached at the same time. In this paper, the communication system includes the driven part, national dispatching control centre (NDCC) and the controlled substations (CSs). To enhance the security of communication system, the driven part which includes two semiconductor lasers, is employed to suppress the time-delay signature. Also, the chaos synchronization between NDCC and different CSs can be selectively realized by controlling the injection parameters. Finally, the high quality communication between NDCC and CS1 is discussed. This research paves the way to the application of chaotic communication in smart grid.
Abstract In this paper, a novel secure communication scheme based on temporal spreading and dual-phase perturbation is proposed to improve security at the physical layer. For one thing, the traditional electro-optical feedback phase encryption system is significantly sophisticated by the introduction of additional synchronized chaotic phase encryption. Besides, more keys in this system are available, with the attendance of dispersion and optical chaos, the key space is notably enhanced to ∼2 36 , resisting the eavesdropping attacks. After passing through a series of encryption devices, the information is ultimately displayed as a noise-like signal. A 32 Gb s −1 on-off keying signal is successfully transmitted over a 100 km standard single-mode fiber. Simulation results show that by selecting the appropriate system parameters, a bit error rate as low as 10 −10 can be obtained for legitimate terminals, and the effect of different hardware parameter mismatches on the decryption performance is also investigated which indicates a certain tolerance range for the mismatch of each parameter. This paper provides a new idea to combine an electro-optical feedback system with optical chaos to establish optical secrecy communication.
We propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel physical layer encryption scheme for high-speed optical communication. A 10 Gb/s on-off keying signal is secretly transmitted over 100 km standard single-mode fiber. The intensity-modulated message is secured by the encryption mechanism, which is composed of an external noise source and an internal time-delayed feedback loop. The external noise serves as an entropy source with sufficient randomness. The feedback loop structure in the transmitter introduces a time-domain encryption key space, and a corresponding open-loop configuration at the receiver side is used for synchronization and decryption. Experiment results show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. For a legitimate terminal, bit error rate below 10−8 can be obtained. Decryption degradations with the mismatch of different hardware parameters are researched. The time delay in the feedback loop provides a sensitive encryption key. For other hardware parameters, the system is robust enough for synchronization. Meanwhile, the time-delay signature of the loop is able to be well concealed by the external noise. Moreover, the proposed scheme can support density wavelength division multiplexing transmission with a relatively simple structure. This work also provides a new concept to establish optical secure communication by combining a time-delayed feedback chaotic system and random noise.
High speed physical secure key distribution in a classical optical fiber channel is unprecedentedly desired for modern secure communication, but it still remains a worldwide technical challenge. In this paper, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel high-speed physical secure key distribution scheme based on chaotic optical signal processing and private hardware modules, which employs chaotic self-carrier phase modulation for chaotic bandwidth expansion and time-delayed shift keying of commonly driven synchronized optical chaos for physical layer security. In this scheme, the entropy source rate of synchronized chaos output from two remote response lasers is greatly expanded by chaotic self-carrier delayed nonlinear phase disturbance, which facilitates high speed key extraction from the entropy source with guaranteed randomness. Moreover, a synchronization recovery time of sub-nanosecond is achieved by dynamic keying of the chaotic delay time after chaos synchronization to accelerate the key distribution rate. Based on the proposed scheme, a high physical key distribution rate of 2.1 Gb/s over 40 km is successfully demonstrated in the experiment. The proposed solution provides a promising strategy for future high-speed key distribution based on chaotic optical signal processing and classical fiber channel.
The development and evolution of the smart grid into complex, cyber-physical energy systems make it essential to secure?communication among the distributed components. The rise of quantum computing has made it even more pressing to develop protocols that?are secure outside the limitations of classical cryptosystems. In this paper, it proposes a quantum-assisting secure communication scheme (QASCP) to?boost the security and energy for smart grid communication systems. The proposed protocol combines quantum key distribution with lightweight entropy-based mutual authentication and dynamic session management. It is designed to defend grid assets such as control centers, smart meters, and distribute energy?resources from sophisticated adversarial models, including quantum-capable threats. The approach consists of system level simulation utilizing a?co-simulation framework customized for quantum smart grid communication. The performance of this scheme was compared?against classical and PQ lattice-based schemes in terms of the authentication latency, energy consumption, entropy preservation, and scalability to handle the load and delay effects, under the assumptions of different loading and delay scenarios. Simulation results show that QASCP is able to reduce the energy consumption and authenticity latency, simultaneously it keeps the high throughput and leaves strong entropy?under attack scenarios. The protocol is also shown to?remain robust with varying quantum bit error rates as well as having a smaller memory footprint on popular network topologies. The results provide evidence for the practical integration of?quantum-secure communication in smart grid architectures. By addressing security and performance simultaneously, the protocol?provides a path to future-proof energy networks which can support dependable operations in a quantum-enhanced environment. This could be future enhance for energy efficiency.
In this paper, we mainly explore the application of fiber Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) technology in Smart Grid. First, the vulnerability of optical fiber communication networks is analyzed. Second, an overview of fiber quantum key distribution technology is given. Third, typical fiber QKD use cases in Smart Grid are proposed. Finally, future research directions of fiber QKD for power systems are discussed. Compared to other classical cryptography technology, the application of fiber QKD in Smart Grid has unique advantages.
At present, the optical fiber transmission technology is developing more and more rapidly. In the meantime, the discussion on the security issues triggered by it has become more and more intense. Based on this, this article summarizes the mainstream methods for improving the security of optical fiber transmission technology at the present stage. This can provide the certain reference direction for future research and exploration. Currently certain accomplishments have been attained in the physical layer, management layer, the network layer, the encryption technology, and the access control. But at the same time, there are also some disadvantages in certain aspects. For example, the complexity of the encryption technology is too high, the cost of the management layer is too excessive, and the difficulty of constructing the network layer is too great. In the future, more in-depth research can be conducted in material improvement, intelligent management, optimization of encryption technology, construction of secure networks, and detection of intrusion signals. This will further enhance the security of optical fiber transmission technology.