A Survey of QKD Implementations

Rainu Nandal, Ashish Nandal, Kamaldeep Joshi +1 more

Jeffrey D. Morris, Michael R. Grimaila, Douglas D. Hodson +2 more

Geetha Rani S, Dr. F. LEENA VINMALAR

The fast development of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has introduced unknown security issues in the networked systems. Classical cryptography methods are restricted to sophisticated attacks and the emerging threat of quantum computing. This survey paper presents the overview of quantum key distribution (QKD) use in IoT settings, systematic review of the research trend, technological solutions, challenges, and future developments. We examine more than 150 published in-between 2018-2025 research papers, categorize the current QKD-IoT solutions, and uncover gaps in the research. We find that hybrid QKD-classical cryptography designs provide promise of realistic IoT implementation and edge-based quantum gateways emerge as an architecture of scalable implementation.

László Gyöngyösi, László Bacsárdi, Sándor Imre

Quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols represent an important practical application of quantum information theory. QKD schemes enable legal parties to establish unconditionally secret communication by exploiting the fundamental attributes of quantum mechanics. Here we present an overview of QKD rotocols. We review the principles of QKD systems, the implementation basis, and the application of QKD protocols in the standard Internet and the quantum Internet.

M. Suda

Srinivasan Arunachalam

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is one of the best-known examples of an application of quantum mechanics to cryptography.This article serves as a resource letter, a brief description to the introduction of QKD is provided before surveying the most prominent QKD protocols present in the literature from theoretical initialization by Wiesner to the attempts at practical implementations.We have also given an overview of the different security proofs proposed, for the variations in protocols and highlighted their significance.