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SPIE Nanophotonics

Coherent quantum nanophotonics: challenges and opportunities

Nir Rotenberg

Published May 24, 2022• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

By embedding quantum emitters, such as quantum dots, within nanophotonic structures we have gained unprecendented control over their properties and over the photons with which they interact. Yet this control comes at a price, namely the unwanted interaction of the emitters with the noisy solid-state environment of the photonic circuits. In this talk, I will address different ways in which we attempt to address this challenge, focusing on the resultant increased coherence of quantum light-matter interactions. I will show how these improvements allow us to route photons on integrated chips and begin to use nonlinear scattering events to reshape photon wavefunctions. In this discussion, the way that these capabilities may lead to novel quantum technologies will be highlighted.

DOI
10.1117/12.2626918

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By embedding quantum emitters, such as quantum dots, within nanophotonic structures we have gained unprecendented control over their properties and over the photons with which they interact. Yet this control comes at a price, namely the unwanted interaction of the emitters with the noisy solid-state environment of the photonic circuits. In this talk, I will address different ways in which we attempt to address this challenge, focusing on the resultant increased coherence of quantum light-matter interactions. I will show how these improvements allow us to route photons on integrated chips and begin to use nonlinear scattering events to reshape photon wavefunctions. In this discussion, the way that these capabilities may lead to novel quantum technologies will be highlighted.
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Quantum optical nonlinearities have received growing interest for their key role in quantum information science, quantum simulations, and other quantum technologies. Unfortunately, most materials exhibit very weak optical nonlinearities, virtually non-existent at the single photon level. Nano-scale optical resonators can store light for a long period of time in cubic-wavelength scale volume, and thus present a unique opportunity to enhance the light-matter interaction. Additionally, breakthroughs in materials science allow us to engineer inherently strong nonlinear materials. In this talk, I will present our theoretical and experimental efforts in nonlinear nanophotonics, integrated with atomically thin 2D materials, specifically transition metal dichalcogenides and solution-processed quantum dots. By confining both light and matter in the wavelength scale, we aim to reach the nonlinear regime, where single photons start repelling each other. I will also elaborate on the possibility of scaling this platform to multiple single photon quantum nodes with the possibility of creating a correlated quantum fluid of light.
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Quantum technologies are widely expected to bring a revolution in communications and information technologies in the coming decade allowing, for example, un-paralleled levels of secure communications. For quantum communication, photonic quantum effects have played a central role, but most photonic solutions and systems based on light-matter interaction also require cryogenic environments. Strong coupling of light and matter at the single emitter level is a fundamental quantum resource offering deterministic energy exchange between single photons and a two-level system, and the possibility to achieve single-photon nonlinearities via the anharmonicity of the Jaynes-Cummings ladder. Until recently, however, the conditions for achieving strong-coupling were most commonly met at cryogenic temperatures such that de-coherence processes are suppressed. As a major step forward, we have recently demonstrated room-temperature strong coupling of single molecules [1] and single quantum dots [2] to ultra-confined light fields in plasmonic resonators at ambient conditions. The fact that strong-coupling conditions may be reached at room temperature is of immense interest because it represents a clear route to a practical implementation and use of quantum behaviour in nanophotonic systems and its application in bio-sensing [3]. The talk will discuss how nanoplasmonics can be an enabler of ultrafast room-temperature quantum nanophotonic networks via strong coupling and ultrafast quantum dynamics [4]. We will highlight the physics associated with recently demonstrated room-temperature strong coupling of single molecules in a plasmonic nano-cavity [1] and near-field generated strong coupling of single quantum dots [2] and single quantum emitter Dicke enhancement [5] paving the road towards single-photon quantum nonlinearities. The presentation will also explain near-field enhanced single-photon emission in near-zero index materials [6] and ultrafast multi-partite quantum entanglement [7]. This provides the foundation for unprecedented control over photon number, single photon dynamics, and dynamic multi-photon coherence. These properties are all imperative for the development of next-generation, nanoscale building blocks in ambient-temperature photonic quantum communication technologies.