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International Conference on Cryptography, Security and Privacy (CSP)

Teleporting Qubits Between Participants by Third-Party Center

Abdulbast A. Abushgra

Published Jan 1, 2022• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

As many applied and theoretical challenges still face quantum computing in general and quantum cryptography in particular. The teleportation of qubits from one participant to another has been attracting most of the recent focus in this field. Quantum key distribution is a method as in the classical system that provides secret keys to secure communication channels between legitimate participants through various mechanisms. In this paper, a quantum key exchange protocol is designed to transfer qubits from a trusted third party to both communicators. The Third-Party Center (TPC) initiates secure exchanges between the sender (Alice) and the receiver (Bob). Only legitimate parties share indexes with TPC, where the TPC cannot forge the communication parameters. These parameters include photons applied under an EPR Paradox environment. Therefore, the legitimate parties can share data securely by using a third-party without many restrictions.

DOI
10.1109/csp55486.2022.00008

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As many applied and theoretical challenges still face quantum computing in general and quantum cryptography in particular. The teleportation of qubits from one participant to another has been attracting most of the recent focus in this field. Quantum key distribution is a method as in the classical system that provides secret keys to secure communication channels between legitimate participants through various mechanisms. In this paper, a quantum key exchange protocol is designed to transfer qubits from a trusted third party to both communicators. The Third-Party Center (TPC) initiates secure exchanges between the sender (Alice) and the receiver (Bob). Only legitimate parties share indexes with TPC, where the TPC cannot forge the communication parameters. These parameters include photons applied under an EPR Paradox environment. Therefore, the legitimate parties can share data securely by using a third-party without many restrictions.
Quantum cryptography is considered a solution for sharing secret information in a secure mode. Establishing a quantum security platform into an exciting system requires a package of stable processes. One of these processes is based on creating a Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocol or sharing a secret key. This paper presents a QKD protocol that utilizes two quantum channels to prepare a shared secret key. The first communication channel will be initiated by entanglement states, where the entangled photons will be emitted by a trusted third party. The second communication channel utilizes the superposition states that will be initiated by the one of the communicated parties. Moreover, the protocol produces a string of random qubits after verifying the communicated legitimate parties during entangled state channels. The produced string will reflect the shared secret key between the users.
Cryptography is the background of protecting the flowed information between various communicated parties. Quantum cryptography gives the extreme trust to transferred information by creating a unique secret key that is based upon the law of physics. This paper will discuss a novel algorithm that is presented through quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol. This QKD protocol depends on parallel quantum communications between participants within EPR and quantum channels. The proposed protocol utilizes the EPR channel to prove the authentication while the quantum channel to transfer the shared key. Moreover, the proposed protocol initiates the verification of the participant’s identity between the communicators by the EPR channel. After that the transferred data into quantum channel will create the secret key that contains a string of qubits as well as no need to communicate into classical channel.
In this paper we propose a new protocol for multiparty secret key sharing by using quantum entanglement swapping. Quantum Entanglement swapping is a process that allows two non-interacting quantum systems to be entangled. Further, to increase the security level and to make sure that the users are legitimate, authentication for both parties will be required by a trusted third party. In this protocol, a trusted third party will authenticate the sender and the receiver and help them forming a secret key. Furthermore, the proposed protocol will perform entanglement swapping between the sender and the receiver. The result from the entanglement swapping will be an Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pair that will help them in forming and sending the secret key without having the sender to send any physical quantum states to the receiver. This protocol will provide the required authentication of all parties to the trusted party and it will provide the required secure method in transmitting the secret key.
In this paper we propose a new protocol for multiparty secret key sharing by using quantum entanglement swapping.Quantum Entanglement swapping is a process that allows two non-interacting quantum systems to be entangled.Further, to increase the security level and to make sure that the users are legitimate, authentication for both parties will be required by a trusted third party.In this protocol, a trusted third party will authenticate the sender and the receiver and help them forming a secret key.Furthermore, the proposed protocol will perform entanglement swapping between the sender and the receiver.The result from the entanglement swapping will be an Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pair that will help them in forming and sending the secret key without having the sender to send any physical quantum states to the receiver.This protocol will provide the required authentication of all parties to the trusted party and it will provide the required secure method in transmitting the secret key.
This paper aims to solve the security issues between two parties communicating through a Quantum channel. One of the most effective factors in Quantum cryptography is the trust between two or more parties. Communication parties need to verify the authenticity of each other and who they claim to be. The proposed model introduces a trusted center as a new party. This will be used for key distribution and trust establishment. Thus, the trusted center will be part of the process of identity verification and key agreement. Although, the suggested model in this paper is introduced between two parties and a trust center, it could be extended to cover more parties by repeating the same process on each party. This paper provides a new mechanism to establish trust between different parties. In the presented technique, each party can assure that they are communicating with the legitimate party.
Classical secret sharing proposed by Shamir used classical computational power in classical cryptography to achieve secret key sharing, but with the advent of quantum systems, computational power can be overruled. To ensure a secure secret sharing scheme independent of computational power, a scheme independent of computational complexity is needed to achieve security. This paper will provide a protocol dependent on inherent secure nature of quantum cryptography (quantum no cloning theorem and quantum measurement rule). A secure multiparty quantum secret sharing scheme has been proposed to ensure that no one can eavesdrop or extract any share of the secret message via inherent security provided by quantum entanglement swapping and quantum teleportation. Entanglement swapping is a process that allows two non-interacting quantum systems to be entangled. Whereas, Quantum teleportation allows a party to send a qubit to another entangled party without sending the qubit over the channel. Moreover, in order to ensure security against possible active attacks, sender himself will generate and distribute EPR pairs to be used in the scheme. Result will be a secure multiparty QSS scheme which will be secure against internal and external eavesdropping, masquerading and brute-force attacks.