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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Simulating Graphene Dynamics in a Synthetic Honeycomb Lattice with the Frequency Dimension

Danying Yu, Guangzhen Li, Meng Xiao, Dawei Wang, Yong Wan, Xianfeng Chen, Luqi Yuan

Published Jan 1, 2022• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose simulating multiple graphene dynamics in a synthetic honeycomb lattice including the frequency dimension of light, with parameters flexibly controlled by external modulations, which shows the capability for complex functionalities and future quantum simulations.
DOI
10.1364/cleo_si.2022.sm2g.6

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Ultracold atoms in optical lattices are pristine model systems with a tunability and flexibility that goes beyond solid-state analogies, e.g., dynamical lattice-geometry changes allow tuning a graphene lattice into a boron-nitride lattice. However, a fast change of the lattice geometry remains intrinsically difficult. Here we introduce a multifrequency lattice for fast and flexible lattice-geometry control and demonstrate it for a three-beam lattice, realizing the full dynamical tunability between honeycomb lattice, boron-nitride lattice, and triangular lattice on the microsecond scale, i.e., fast compared to the relevant energy scales. At the same time, the scheme ensures intrinsically high stability of the lattice geometry. We introduce the concept of a geometry phase as the parameter that fully controls the geometry and observe its signature as a staggered flux in a momentum space lattice. Tuning the geometry phase allows us to dynamically control the sublattice offset in the boron-nitride lattice. We use a fast sweep of the offset to transfer atoms into higher Bloch bands and perform a new type of Bloch band spectroscopy by modulating the sublattice offset. Finally, we generalize the geometry phase concept and the multifrequency lattice to three-dimensional optical lattices and quasiperiodic potentials. This scheme will allow further applications such as novel Floquet and quench protocols to create and probe, e.g., topological properties.