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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Four-Channel Parallel Broadband Quantum Entropy Source for True Random Number Generation at 100 Gbps

Ken Tanizawa, Kentaro Kato, Fumio Futami

Published Jan 1, 2022• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We demonstrate a spatially-multiplexed quantum entropy source with a low-loss 1×8 Silica PLC splitter. Four-channel quantum randomness with 4-GHz/ch bandwidth, based on vacuum fluctuations, is generated, and random bits at 100 Gbps are extracted offline.
DOI
10.1364/cleo_at.2022.am3d.6

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Unpredictable random number (RN) generation is an essential technology for cryptographic applications. Quantum RN generators (QRNGs) have attracted significant attention owing to their generation of RNs utilizing the randomness guaranteed by quantum mechanics. Vacuum fluctuations are a promising entropy source of quantum randomness. These are detected using a homodyne setup with a laser source and a beam splitter. QRNGs based on vacuum fluctuations can generate RNs at a high-speed and in a stable manner. This paper reports a high-speed spatially multiplexed QRNG based on vacuum fluctuations using a single semiconductor laser diode and an integrated optical beam splitter. The QRNG obtained four independent vacuum fluctuations across a wide bandwidth of over 2 GHz. The RNs were extracted in parallel using a field-programmable gate array with analog-to-digital converters. An aggregated real-time RN generation rate of 4×12.5 Gbit/s was achieved. The generated RNs passed a randomness test based on NIST SP800-90B.
The exponential growth of data transmission and processing speeds in modern digital infrastructure requires entropy sources capable of producing large volumes of true randomness for information security. Chaotic emissions from semiconductor lasers are attractive in this context because of their fast dynamics and nonrepetitive behavior. Their spectral bandwidth, however, is typically limited to several tens of gigahertz, which constrains the achievable entropy rate and makes ultrafast random bit generation difficult without substantial post-processing. Here, we demonstrate a chaos-based entropy source that employs optical heterodyning between the chaotic emission from a semiconductor laser and an optical frequency comb, yielding a bandwidth exceeding 100 GHz and an experimentally verified single-channel entropy rate of 1.86 Tb/s. By directly extracting multiple bits from the digitized output of the entropy source, we achieve a single-channel random bit generation rate of 1.536 Tb/s, while four-channel parallelization reaches 6.144 Tb/s with no observable interchannel correlation. This linear scalability suggests that aggregate throughput could reach hundreds of terabits per second with additional parallel channels. The broadband, low-overhead photonic architecture presented here provides a viable route to real-time, ultrafast random bit generation with broad implications for secure communications, high-performance AI computing, and large-scale data analytics.
Generating high-speed, verifiable random numbers is a fundamental requirement for cryptography, large-scale stochastic simulations, and secure quantum communication. Here, we present a robust quantum random number generator that utilizes the spatial distribution of quantum fluctuations captured by an electron-multiplying charge-coupled device operated in high-speed kinetic mode. Through rigorous detector calibration and shot-noise analysis, we characterize the spatial quantum noise obtained from the spatial intensity fluctuations of the coherent states of light. Such quantum noise serves as a high-entropy source, enabling an instantaneous random bit generation rate of 5.92 Gbps without algorithmic randomness extraction in the present configuration. The sustained output rate is, however, limited to 7.5 Mbps by the bandwidth of the serial electronic readout. The generated sequences successfully pass the NIST SP 800-22 and Marsaglia Diehard statistical test suites, confirming the high quality and unpredictability of the entropy source.