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Quantum 2.0 Conference and Exhibition

Polarization Entanglement Induced by the Quantum Zeno Effect

I. C. Nodurft, Brian T. Kirby, Ryan T. Glasser, Harry C. Shaw, Thomas A. Searles

Published Jan 1, 2022• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a scheme for generating polarization-entangled photons using the quantum Zeno effect. The observing medium is a series of 4-level atoms coupled to two waveguides. Bunching is suppressed, yielding bipartite and tripartite polarization entanglement.
DOI
10.1364/quantum.2022.qtu2a.5

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The quantum Zeno effect reveals that continuous observation of a quantum system can significantly alter its evolution. Here, we present a method for establishing polarization entanglement between two initially unentangled photons in coupled waveguides via the quantum Zeno effect. We support our analytical investigation with numerical simulations of the underlying Schrodinger equation describing the system. Further, we extend our technique to three coupled waveguides in a planar configuration and determine the parameters required to generate three-qubit W-states. In contrast to existing schemes based on a vacuum and single-photon encoding, the polarization encoding in our approach is compatible with quantum information protocols that remove photon loss through post-selection. Our findings offer a powerful quantum state engineering approach for photonic quantum information technologies.
We propose a scheme for entangling two photons via the quantum Zeno effect, which describes the inhibition of quantum evolution by frequent measurements and is based on the difference between summing amplitudes and probabilities. For a given error probability Perror{P}_{\mathrm{error}}Perror​, our scheme requires that the one-photon loss rate ${\ensuremath{\xi}}_{1\ensuremath{\gamma}}$ and the two-photon absorption rate ${\ensuremath{\xi}}_{2\ensuremath{\gamma}}$ in some medium satisfy ${\ensuremath{\xi}}_{1\ensuremath{\gamma}}/{\ensuremath{\xi}}_{2\ensuremath{\gamma}}=2{P}_{\mathrm{error}}^{2}/{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{2}$, which is significantly improved compared to previous approaches. Again based on the quantum Zeno effect, as well as coherent excitations, we present a possibility to fulfill this requirement in an otherwise linear optics setup.
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Polarization mode dispersion can introduce quantum decoherence in polarization encoded information, limiting the range of quantum communications protocols. Therefore, strategies to nullify the effect would reduce quantum decoherence and potentially increase the operational range of such technology. We constructed a quantum model of polarization mode dispersion alongside a two-level absorbing material. The two-level material serves to destructively measure one of two orthogonal polarization modes, thus projecting the polarization onto the other state. The theoretical results are supported by a numerical simulation in Mathematica Documentation where we compare the evolution of the polarization state with and without the absorbing material. We find that this strategy is effective in suppressing the effects of polarization mode dispersion, and that this method produces a global phase shift related to the waveguide's birefringent properties.