This paper discusses ways to ensure the information security of unmanned vehicles and Internet of Things systems under the conditions of a quantum threat. For this, it is proposed to use post-quantum algorithms, a review of the methods for constructing which and works devoted to their application to the considered sphere are given. The construction of a post-quantum algorithm with the help of linear error-correcting codes is considered in detail, for which it is proposed to use algebraic geometry codes with characteristics suitable for implementation in conditions of systems with limited resources. A theorem is proved that makes it possible to guarantee that the automorphism group of some algebro-geometric codes does not allow applying the Sidelnikov-Shestakov attack to them.
This paper discusses ways to ensure the information security of unmanned vehicles and Internet of Things systems under the conditions of a quantum threat. For this, it is proposed to use post-quantum algorithms, a review of the methods for constructing which and works devoted to their application to the considered sphere are given. The construction of a post-quantum algorithm with the help of linear error-correcting codes is considered in detail, for which it is proposed to use algebraic geometry codes with characteristics suitable for implementation in conditions of systems with limited resources. A theorem is proved that makes it possible to guarantee that the automorphism group of some algebro-geometric codes does not allow applying the Sidelnikov-Shestakov attack to them.
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), commonly known as drones, are increasingly being employed across a broad spectrum of applications, ranging from military operations to commercial purposes. However, as UAVs become more integrated into everyday life, security and privacy concerns are similarly escalating due to vulnerabilities arising from operating on open wireless channels and having limited onboard computational resources. Moreover, with the emergence of quantum computers, conventional cryptographic methods that ensure the security and privacy of UAV communications are at severe risk. These risks encompass the possibility of unauthorized access, breaches of data, and cyber-physical attacks that jeopardize the integrity, confidentiality, and availability of UAV operations. Quantum computers are expected to break the conventional cryptography methods, such as symmetric and asymmetric schemes, with the support of Grover’s and Shor’s algorithms, respectively. Consequently, traditional cryptographic algorithms must give way to quantum-resistant algorithms, referred to as Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) algorithms. Although researchers actively develop, test, and standardize new PQC algorithms, the threat persists despite the progress made through these consistent efforts. This review article first examines the security and privacy landscape, including threats and requirements of UAVs. This article also discusses PQC and various PQC families and the status of the NIST’s implementation and standardization process. Lastly, we explore challenges and future directions in implementing PQC for UAVs.
Autonomous vehicles (AV) have as one of their characteristics the constant exchange of data with other vehicles, radio base stations, pedestrians and infrastructure. Despite this data exchange using the most modern security techniques, vehicles have been the target of constant cyber-attacks. Emerging technologies such as quantum computing have been tested to minimize these attacks. Particularly, this work investigates the possibility of using post-quantum computing techniques in IoT (Internet of Things) devices, more specifically in AVs. Considering the functionalities of a vehicle nowadays, it is possible to say that a vehicle is composed of a set of IoT devices. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a post-quantum secure method to be used in IoT devices for data exchange between AVs and a 5G base station. In this method, the post-quantum algorithm NTRU is implemented in an edge computing IoT architecture between the source of the CVs data and the edge layer, which is a vulnerable spot for quantum-attacks. We simulated the implementation of the algorithm in a case study and monitored how the algorithm performed. The proposed methodology was capable of providing secure communication between IoT and edge layer. However, the message length and parameters from the algorithm can slow down the communication.
The Internet of Things (IoT) has grown rapidly, transforming various aspects of daily life into intelligent systems capable of collecting and exchanging data in real time. At the same time, advances in quantum computing have given rise to powerful quantum computers capable of processing complex tasks at unprecedented speed. This disparity between the limited resources of IoT devices and the capabilities of quantum computers poses significant security challenges. Quantum computers introduce new vulnerabilities that threaten IoT systems, particularly in critical applications such as connected healthcare, industrial networks, smart infrastructure, and secure embedded systems. This study reviews the existing literature on post-quantum cryptography (PQC) applied to IoT devices. It analyzes the characteristics and security requirements of IoT environments, current security technologies, and unresolved issues. It highlights the growing threat of post-quantum attacks and the need to adapt security strategies. Finally, the study explores post-quantum code-based cryptosystems as solutions to enhance the security of resource-constrained IoT applications and ensure their resilience against future challenges.
The increasing ubiquity of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has necessitated robust security measures, especially with the impending threat of quantum computing to conventional cryptographic protocols.In this study, we address the imperative of selecting an optimized post-quantum cryptographic algorithm tailored for implementation on resource-constrained IoT devices while ensuring compliance with stringent security standards.This research employs a comprehensive evaluation framework that considers the unique constraints of IoT devices, including limited computational capabilities and memory resources.Furthermore, our assessment accounts for the diverse security requirements stipulated by prevailing standards to guarantee resilience against both classical and quantum threats.Through a systematic analysis of various post-quantum cryptographic algorithms, encompassing factors such as computational efficiency and resistance to quantum attacks, this study identifies a select set of algorithms that exhibit promising suitability for IoT device deployment.The evaluation considers renowned standards, including NIST's Post-Quantum Cryptography Standardization initiative to align with industry best practices and interoperability.The findings presented in this study offer guidance to IoT device manufacturers, system architects, and security practitioners in making informed decisions regarding the adoption of post-quantum cryptographic algorithms.The selected algorithms not only demonstrate adeptness in mitigating quantum threats but also address resource constraints inherent in IoT environments, ensuring a secure foundation for the rapidly expanding ecosystem of interconnected devices.
The growth of quantum computing reveals a series of significant threats to cryptographic systems known today, such as RSA, ECC, and Diffie-Hellman, which are extremely important for Internet security, but are threatened by the increase in possible quantum attacks. The area of public and private key cryptography is vast. Therefore, this article addresses post-quantum cryptography (PQC) algorithms and the challenges of implementing them in Internet of Things (IoT) devices, given the difficulty of application due to restricted resources, such as RAM and clock speed . To this end, we will discuss the need for standardization of algorithms considering low-resource IoT devices, prioritizing RAM over ROM, meeting the needs of low-memory devices, which are lighter. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has validated four cryptographic systems that are secure against quantum attacks. We analyze the implications of these systems on the infrastructure of current networks and will compare in detail these algorithms and their respective strengths, weaknesses, and trade-offs. We evaluate the feasibility of post-quantum encryption (PQC) algorithms in resource-constrained IoT devices using the ESP-WROOM-32 microcontroller. Three cryptographic schemes were implemented and compared.