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IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT)

Communication with Unreliable Entanglement Assistance

Uzi Pereg, Christian Deppe, Holger Boche

Published Jun 26, 2022• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Entanglement resources can increase transmission rates substantially. Unfortunately, entanglement is a fragile resource that is quickly degraded by decoherence effects. The present work introduces a new model of unreliable entanglement assistance, whereby the communication system operates whether entanglement assistance is present or not. While the sender is ignorant, the receiver knows whether the entanglement generation was successful. In the case of a failure, the receiver decodes less information. In this manner, the effective transmission rate is adapted according to the assistance status. Regularized formulas are derived for the classical and quantum capacity regions with unreliable entanglement assistance, characterizing the tradeoff between the unassisted rate and the excess rate that can be obtained from entanglement assistance.

DOI
10.1109/isit50566.2022.9834764

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Entanglement resources can increase transmission rates substantially. Unfortunately, entanglement is a fragile resource that is quickly degraded by decoherence effects. The present work introduces a new model of unreliable entanglement assistance, whereby the communication system operates whether entanglement assistance is present or not. While the sender is ignorant, the receiver knows whether the entanglement generation was successful. In the case of a failure, the receiver decodes less information. In this manner, the effective transmission rate is adapted according to the assistance status. Regularized formulas are derived for the classical and quantum capacity regions with unreliable entanglement assistance, characterizing the tradeoff between the unassisted rate and the excess rate that can be obtained from entanglement assistance.
Entanglement resources can increase transmission rates substantially. Unfortunately, entanglement is a fragile resource that is quickly degraded by decoherence effects. In order to generate entanglement for optical communication, the transmitter and the receiver first prepare entangled spin-photon pairs locally, and then the photon at the transmitter is sent to the receiver through an optical fiber or free space. Without feedback, the transmitter does not know whether the entangled photon has reached the receiver. The present work introduces a new model of unreliable entanglement assistance, whereby the communication system operates whether entanglement assistance is present or not. While the sender is ignorant, the receiver knows whether the entanglement generation was successful. In the case of a failure, the receiver decodes less information. In this manner, the effective transmission rate is adapted according to the assistance status. Regularized formulas are derived for the classical and quantum capacity regions with unreliable entanglement assistance, characterizing the tradeoff between the unassisted rate and the excess rate that can be obtained from entanglement assistance. It is further established that time division between entanglement-assisted and unassisted coding strategies is optimal for the noiseless qubit channel, but can be strictly suboptimal for a noisy channel.
Entanglement resources can increase transmission rates substantially. Unfortunately, entanglement is a fragile resource that is quickly degraded by decoherence effects. In order to generate entanglement for optical communication, the transmitter and the receiver first prepare entangled spin-photon pairs locally, and then the photon at the transmitter is sent to the receiver through an optical fiber or free space. Without feedback, the transmitter does not know whether the entangled photon has reached the receiver. The present work introduces a new model of unreliable entanglement assistance, whereby the communication system operates whether entanglement assistance is present or not. While the sender is ignorant, the receiver knows whether the entanglement generation was successful. In the case of a failure, the receiver decodes less information. In this manner, the effective transmission rate is adapted according to the assistance status. Regularized formulas are derived for the classical and quantum capacity regions with unreliable entanglement assistance, characterizing the tradeoff between the unassisted rate and the excess rate that can be obtained from entanglement assistance. It is further established that time division between entanglement-assisted and unassisted coding strategies is optimal for the noiseless qubit channel, but can be strictly suboptimal for a noisy channel.
Entanglement assistance can improve communication rates significantly. Yet, its generation is susceptible to failure. The unreliable assistance model accounts for those challenges. Previous work provided an asymptotic formula that outlines the tradeoff between the unassisted and excess rates from entanglement assistance. We derive a full characterization for entanglement-breaking channels, and show that combining entanglement-assisted and unassisted coding is suboptimal. From a networking perspective, this finding is nontrivial and highlights a quantum behavior arising from superposition.
Entanglement assistance can improve communication rates significantly. Yet its generation is susceptible to failure. The unreliable assistance model accounts for those challenges. Previous work provided an asymptotic formula that outlined the tradeoff between the unassisted and excess rates from entanglement assistance. We derive a full characterization for entanglement-breaking channels and show that combining entanglement-assisted and unassisted coding is suboptimal. From a networking perspective, this finding is nontrivial and highlights a quantum behavior arising from superposition.
Secure communication is considered with unreliable entanglement assistance, where the adversary may intercept the legitimate receiver's entanglement resource before communication takes place. The communication setting of unreliable assistance, without security aspects, was originally motivated by the extreme photon loss in practical communication systems. The operational principle is to adapt the transmission rate to the availability of entanglement assistance, without resorting to feedback and repetition. Here, we require secrecy as well. An achievable secrecy rate region is derived for general quantum wiretap channels, and a multi-letter secrecy capacity formula for the special class of degraded channels.
Communication using quantum channels generally requires encoding and decoding on many identical uses of a quantum channel. In practical settings, decoherence may severely limit our ability to do so, potentially rendering each channel use nonidentical. Given nnn nonidentical channels, we present an entanglement-assisted encoding and decoding strategy that yields a channel with higher worst-case fidelity than all of the nnn given channels. The strategy is universal, in the sense that the improvement holds regardless of what channels are given, as long as they satisfy mild assumptions on their initial entanglement fidelities. Our protocol is optimal when the given channels are depolarizing channels, and is essentially the unique one that is universal. This idea can also be extended to classical channels, where shared randomness between the sender and the receiver allows universal enhancement of the probability of correct transmission. We then consider general quantum resource theories, providing a necessary condition and a sufficient condition for the possibility of such universal improvement of quantum resources.