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Physica Scripta

Study of EIT line shape in optically thin and thick media using 87 Rb D 1 and D 2 lines: theory and experiment

Chandan Das, Sekhar Dey, Biswajit Ray

Published Jul 26, 2022• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract In this work, we have presented the variation of the amplitude of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) resonances with the density of the atom in a V-type system using 87 Rb D 1 and D 2 lines both theoretically and experimentally. Up to the value of atomic density 18.1 × 10 10 cm −3 , the amplitude of the EIT resonance gradually increases with the increase of atomic density and then it decreases with the increase of the density of the atom. We have also found the radiation trapping effect in this experiment. We observe the effect of the atomic density on the electromagnetically induced transparency when the systems act as a thin optical media as well as thick optical media. We have found that the amplitude of EIT also depends on pump laser Rabi frequency. Numerical simulations are agreed well with the experimental observations.

DOI
10.1088/1402-4896/ac8457

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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Jun 15, 2007•1 citation
Abstract In this work, we have presented the variation of the amplitude of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) resonances with the density of the atom in a V-type system using 87 Rb D 1 and D 2 lines both theoretically and experimentally. Up to the value of atomic density 18.1 × 10 10 cm −3 , the amplitude of the EIT resonance gradually increases with the increase of atomic density and then it decreases with the increase of the density of the atom. We have also found the radiation trapping effect in this experiment. We observe the effect of the atomic density on the electromagnetically induced transparency when the systems act as a thin optical media as well as thick optical media. We have found that the amplitude of EIT also depends on pump laser Rabi frequency. Numerical simulations are agreed well with the experimental observations.
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) effect has been studied using an extremely thin cell (ETC) with the thickness of an Rb vapor column of the order of light wavelength λ(780 nm) and varying in the range of 0.5λ-2.5λ. Λ-systems on the D2 line of 85Rb and 87Rb have been studied experimentally. Along with EIT resonance, we study the peculiarities of velocity-selective optical pumping/saturation (VSOP) resonances, which accompany the EIT resonance and, as a rule, are spectrally broader. It is demonstrated that size-conditioned strongly anisotropic contribution of atoms with different velocities in an ETC causes several dramatic differences of the EIT and VSOP resonances formation in the ETC as compared with an ordinary 1-10 cm long cell. Particularly, in the case of the ETC, the EIT linewidth and contrast dramatically depend on the coupling laser detuning from the exact atomic transition. A theoretical model taking into account the peculiarities of transmission spectra when L=nλ and L=(2n+1)λ/2 (n is an integer) has been developed. The experimental transmission spectra are well described by the theoretical model developed. The possibility of EIT resonance formation when atomic column thickness is of the order of L=0.5λ and less is theoretically predicted.
Abstract We report the observation of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a six-level Λ -type system in atomic Rb vapor containing both 87 Rb and 85 Rb. The experimental observation includes five velocity selective optically pumped (VSOP) absorption dips for both 87 Rb and 85 Rb. The EIT signal appears on the background of one such VSOP absorption dips. The measured EIT linewidth ( ) shows sub-natural ( ) values for both lower and higher values of pump Rabi-frequencies. The density matrix based theoretical model for the six-level system is developed and solved numerically by taking into account the Doppler broadening. A complete analytical solution (non perturbative) for a three level Λ -type system has been obtained and compared with the experimentally observed sub-natural EIT linewidth. The simulated spectra are in good agreement with the experimental findings.
The effect of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a Λ-system formed by rubidium atoms contained in thin (10–60 μm) and extremely thin (0.3–5 μm) cells was studied experimentally. It was found that parameters of the EIT resonance degrade slowly in the case where the frequency of the coupling laser is in resonance with the D 2 transition of rubidium, which enabled the registration of the EIT resonance in a record thin cell with a thickness of L = 390 nm. The specific features of EIT in extremely thin cells reveal themselves when the coupling laser has a frequency detuning Δ from the atomic transition. In this case, the width of the EIT resonance rapidly increases upon an increase in Δ at fixed L (an opposite effect takes place in centimeter-scale cells). It is shown that the width of the EIT resonance is inversely proportional to L in the case of fixed large detuning Δ. The nearly tenfold broadening of the EIT resonance for large values of detuning Δ is caused by the influence of atomic collisions with cell windows on dephasing rate of coherence. The expressions that allow the estimation of the EIT-resonance width for various values of detuning Δ and small values of thickness L are found.
Reabsorption of spontaneously emitted photons, or radiation trapping, is a process that occurs when light interacts with optically thick media. It is shown, both theoretically and experimentally, that this effect in optically thick atomic vapour leads to a decrease in transmission of coherent laser radiation propagating under conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). A simple theory is developed taking into account the radiation trapping, which is in a good agreement with the experimental observations and exact numerical simulation. This allows better understanding of the physics of EIT in general, and properties of dense coherent atomic media in particular.
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) resonance, along with peculiarities of the accompanying velocity selective optical pumping/saturation (VSOP) resonances, have been studied using a thin cell with the thickness of Rb vapor column varying in L = 10-700 &mgr;m range, as well as using an extremely thin cell (ETC) with the thickness varying in the range of radiation wavelength &lgr; = 780 nm (L = 0.5&lgr; - 2.5&lgr;). The &Lgr;-systems on D2 line of 85Rb and 87Rb have been studied experimentally with the use of bichromatic radiation of two separate diode lasers. It is demonstrated that size-conditioned strongly anisotropic contribution of atoms with different velocities in ETC results in several dramatic distinctions in formation of EIT and VSOP resonances in ETC, as compared with ordinary cm-size cell. The boundary between these two regimes falls on L ~ 10 &mgr;m. Theoretical model taking into account the peculiarities of the transmission spectra as a function of the ratio L/&lgr; is developed. The experimental transmission spectra are well described by the theoretical model.
Recently developed thin cells containing atomic vapor of micrometric column thickness L allow one to study peculiarities of Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) phenomenon, along with the accompanying velocity selective optical pumping/saturation (VSOP) resonances for the case when < 100 &mgr;m. The micrometric thin cells (MTC) are filled with pure Rb and neither buffer gas nor paraffin-coated walls were used. The Λ-systems on D2 line of 85Rb have been studied experimentally with the use of bi-chromatic radiation of two separate diode lasers (λ≈780 nm, γL&≈ 5MHz). It is demonstrated that when L~60 &mgr;m it is still possible to form the EIT resonance with the sub-natural linewidth ~ 5 MHz. The EIT resonance linewidth increases up to 10 MHz , when column thickness L is reduced down to ~ 2 &mgr;m. Six VSOP resonances are detected in the fluorescence and absorption spectra when the thickness L ~ 10 &mgr;m. Dependence of the EIT resonance linewidth as a function of the atomic vapor column thickness L is presented.